Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials Author Shah, Bismillah 0000-0002-8407-8627 Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu street, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China bismillahshah1990@yahoo.com Author Shao, Yisa 0009-0008-5493-6409 Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu street, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China 2909187740@qq.com Author Du, Hong 0009-0009-4843-4899 Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu street, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China 983468026@qq.com Author Wang, Yang 0009-0002-2897-8193 Comprehensive Service Center of Public Institutions in Qiantan Town, Jiande, Zhejiang 311602, P. R. China Author Huang, Junhao 0000-0002-5038-3535 Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu street, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China huangjh@zafu.edu.cn text Zootaxa 2024 2024-08-20 5496 3 377 400 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.5 1175-5326 13346901 58D78B70-604A-42F5-86D4-4395CDB17A41 Key to species of Zygoneura Meigen from China (modified from Zhang et al . 2010 ) 1. Flagellomere with body much longer than neck, mostly with short subequal setae on flagellomere body ( Fig. 3B ). Gonostylus with five megasetae of almost equal size ( Fig. 3C ) (subgenus Allozygoneura )........ Z. xizangensis Shah & Huang sp. nov. - Not as above......................................................................................... 2 2. Setae long subequal in length on flagellomeres ( Figs 14D , 15B , 16B ). Ventral medial margin of gonocoxa with two groups of weak setae ( Figs 14C , 15D , 16D ). Gonostylus with 2–3 megasetae (subgenus Zygoneura )............................ 3 - Setae mostly short on flagellomeres, except for a longer row near the flagellomere neck ( Figs 5C , 6C , 7C ). Ventral medial margin of gonocoxa with two distinct groups of setae ( Zhang et al . 2010: 42 , Fig. 1E ). Gonostylus with two megasetae (subgenus Pharetratula )........................................................................................ 5 3. Gonostylus with two megasetae ( Fig. 15D ).................................................. Z. sajanica Mamaev - Gonostylus with three megasetae ( Figs 14C , 16D )........................................................... 4 4. Gonostylus oblong, not attenuated at apex ( Fig. 16D )........................................... Z. sciarina Meigen - Gonostylus oval, attenuated at apex ( Fig. 14C )........................................... Z. occidens Zhang & Wu 5. Gonostylus with two megasetae of almost equal length; one on dorsal side at the apical third region and the other on ventral side near the middle ( Fig. 13C )..................................................... Z. yangi Shah & Huang sp. nov. - Not as above......................................................................................... 6 6. The two megasetae close to each other on gonostylus, both at the subapical or middle part ( Figs 5B , 7B , 10C–D )......... 7 - The two megasetae widely apart on the gonostylus, with the distance at least longer than the length of the megasetae ( Figs 6B , 8C , 11B )........................................................................................... 10 7. The two megasetae of the gonostylus at the subapical part are almost equal in length ( Figs 10C–D ).................... 8 - The two megasetae of the gonostylus at the middle part are of unequal length. ( Figs 5B , 7B ).......................... 9 8. Gonostylus with apex slightly attenuated, the two megasetae are small ( Zhang & Yang 1990: 268 , Fig. 1E )................................................................................................... Z. bidens (Mamaev) - Gonostylus with apex not attenuated, the two megasetae are large and tusk-shaped ( Figs 10C–D )............................................................................................. Z. motuoensis Shah & Huang sp. nov. 9. Gonostylus with the two megasetae overlap on each other in ventral view ( Fig. 5B ).............. Z. disparilis Zhang & Wu - Gonostylus with megasetae parallel to each other in ventral view ( Fig. 7B )...................... Z. flavicornis (Mamaev) 10. Gonostylus with megasetae on apical third and middle region ( Figs 9B, 9E , 12B ).................................. 11 - Gonostylus with sub-apical and sub-basal megasetae ( Figs 6B , 8C , 11B )........................................ 12 11. Megasetae relatively short, both at the apical third part of gonostylus ( Figs 9B, 9E ).... Z. minuscula Shah & Huang sp. nov. - Megasetae normal in length, one at apical third and the other at the middle part of gonostylus ( Fig. 12B )................................................................................................. Z. transferata Rudzinski 12. Gonostylus slender ( Fig. 8C )............................................................ Z. longa Zhang & Wu - Gonostylus stout ( Figs 6B , 11B )........................................................................ 13 13. Ventral medial margin of the gonocoxa with pair of distinct lobes. Gonostylus with two megasetae near the dorsal side ( Fig. 11B ).................................................................. Z. subdivergens (Mohrig & Mamaev) - Ventral medial margin of gonocoxa without distinct lobes. Gonostylus with two megasetae near the ventral side ( Fig. 6B ).................................................................................... Z. divergens (Mamaev)