The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera) Author Aspoeck, Horst https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9407-3566 Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria Author Aspoeck, Ulrike Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria & Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at text Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2023 2023-05-03 70 1 175 218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559 1860-1324-1-175 9E52FBF7700E4FC3A62E0334CE3DE926 88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF Venustoraphidia nigricollis (Albarda, 1891) Raphidia nigricollis Albarda, 1891 (odescr): H. Aspoeck et al. 1991 (mon). Venustoraphidia nigricollis ( Albarda 1891 ): H. Aspoeck et al. 1989 (biogeogr, distr); H. Aspoeck et al. 1991 (mon); Pantaleoni 1990b (ecol); Pantaleoni 1990d [1993] (rec); Kielhorn 1991 (ecol, rec); Saure and Gerstberger 1991 (ecol, rec); Devetak 1992a (rec); Devetak 1995 (rec); Proese 1995 (distr, rec); H. Aspoeck and Hoelzel 1996 (distr); Saure 1996 (biogeogr, ecol, rec); Sziraki 1996 (ecol, rec); Achtelig 1997 (ecol, rec); Gruppe 1997 (ecol, rec); Schubert and Gruppe 1999 (ecol, rec); Sziraki 1999 (rec); H. Aspoeck et al. 2001 (anncat); Gruppe and Schubert 2001 (ecol, rec); Troeger 2002 (rec); Popov 2004 (chorol); Gruppe 2006a (ecol); Gruppe 2006b (ecol, rec); H. Aspoeck and U. Aspoeck 2007 (biogeogr, distr); Pantaleoni 2007 (biol); Gruppe 2008 (ecol, rec); Klokocovnik et al. 2010 (rec); Letardi et al. 2010 (rec); H. Aspoeck and U. Aspoeck 2013 (cat, etymol); H. Aspoeck and U. Aspoeck (2014) (cat); Weissmair et al. 2021 (biol, ecol); H. Aspoeck and U. Aspoeck 2021 (overv, ill: la, pu, ♂, ♀ imag), 2022a (overv, ill: la, pu, ♂, ♀ imag), 2022b (overv, ill: la, pu, ♂, ♀ imag); Tillier et al. 2022b (rec). Taxonomy. H. Aspoeck et al. (1991) . Adults can easily be identified by the entirely black pronotum, usually already by the small size (Fig. 2a, b ). Larvae are readily recognizable by the characteristic pattern of the dorsal pigmentation (Fig. 2c ). Biology and ecology. Larvae exclusively corticolous on Quercus , Malus , Pyrus , Acer and many other deciduous trees, but also on Pinus in light forests and in wild gardens and even in urban parks in altitudes up to ca. 500 m (Central Europe), records in Southern Europe 700 to 1100 m. Development at least two years. Last hibernating stage: full-grown larva. Adults: V-VII. Records on Mediterranean islands (Fig. 7b ). Thasos (Ipsarion, ca. 1000 m, on Pinus ). Syntopic Raphidioptera on Thasos: Phaeostigma (Pontoraphidia) setulosa aegea , Raphidia (R.) beieri . Continental distribution. Balkan Peninsula as far south as to the gulf of Korinthos, Eastern Europe, Apennine Peninsula (Northern Italy, Calabria), Central Europe as far north as to Northern Germany, Eastern and Southern France. Biogeography. Polycentric Adriato-Balkanopontomediterranean faunal element with high expansivity.