A revision of the genus Gymnetina Casey, 1915 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini) Author Ratcliffe, Brett C. Author Warner, William B. text Insecta Mundi 2011 2011-04-22 2011 173 1 28 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.5160820 1942-1354 5160820 Gymnetina howdeni Warner and Ratcliffe , new species ( Fig. 25-28 , 32-35 ) Type Material. Holotype male, labeled “Cochise Co. AZ., Aug. 8, 1987 , Coll. Tom Ryan”; verso: “ Gymnetis cretacea, Miller Canyon, Cochise Co. , 8-8-87” and with our red holotype label. Allotype female. labeled “ USA ; AZ; Cochise Co, Chiricahua Mts; Cave Creek, 31-VII-1975 , RWL & BR Potts, Colls” and with our red allotype label. Figures 20-24. Gymnetina grossepunctata : 20-21) Holotype, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 22) Dorsal and oblique view of allotype (image courtesy of J. Monzón). 23-24) Dorsal and ventral views, respectively, of parameres. Paratypes with the following data: as holotype ( 4 males ); “ Gymnetis cretacea, Miller Cnyn. Cochise Co., Ariz. 7.21.85” ( 2 males ); same data but 7.20.1985 ( 1 male ); same data but VIII.19.86 ( 2 males ); “ USA , AZ, Cochise Co, Miller Canyon, 27-VI-87, John Ryan” ( 2 males ); “Tucson, Ariz.” ( 1 male ); “AZ: Cochise Co, Huachuca Mts., Palmerlee (Miller Cnyn,), VII-30-1989 ” ( 1 male ); “ 7-28-1989 -Chiricahua Mnts, off Pinery Cyn. Rd. 4 1/ 2 mi. fm. Jct. 181-42, AZ, D. Colby collector” ( 2 males ); “ 7-28-1989 -Chiricahua Mnts, off Pinery Cyn. Rd., Cochise County, 4 1/ 2 mi. fm. Jct. 181-42, AZ, D. Colby coll.--” ( 1 male ); “AZ. Cochse Co .... Pinery cyn......, Chiricahua Mnts., 4 1/ 2 miles fm jct of 181 & 42., July 28 1989 , D. Colby collector” ( 1 male ); “ USA :ARIZ:Cochise Co., Huachuca Mountains. Garden Cyn., 31 o 28’22"N , 110 o 21’07"´W; July 12, 2009 , R. H. McPeak & W. B. Warner” ( 1 male ); “Madera Cyn., Santa Rita Mts., Pima Co., ARIZ, 25 VII 08” ( 1 male );“E. Turkey Creek, Chiricahua Mnts., Sept. 6 th , 1967 , B. S. Cheary” ( 1 male ); “Ariz.//A. Fenyes collection” ( 2 males ); “Chiricahaua Mts, Ariz//July, DKDuncan” ( 1 male ); “Chiric. Mts., Ariz., 7/ 12//Frederick Blanchard Collection” ( 1 male ); “Huachuca Mts. 7.10.02, Ariz.” ( 1 male ); “Ch. Mts. Ariz., 6600 ft , 7.16.1904 ” ( 1 male ); “Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., 7.24, 1927, R. H. Beamer” ( 1 male ); “Huachuca Mts., Ariz.// Van Dyke Collection” ( 1 male ); “ Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., VII-1-1908 // Van Dyke Collection” ( 1 male ); “ Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., VII-22-1908 // Van Dyke Collection” ( 1 male ); “Huach Mts, Ariz//Liebeck Collection” ( 2 males ); “AZ: Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., Onion Saddle, 7600´, 31 o 56N 109 o 16W // VII-1981 , Hespenheide” ( 1 male ); “Chiricahua Mts., 7-10-08, Cochise Co., Ariz.//V.W. Owen Collector” ( 1 male ); “Ariz., Cochise Co., Portal, J. Doyen, VII-20/22-1971” ( 1 male ); “Arizona: Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, VII- 12-1988 ” ( 1 male ); “Madera Cn., Pima Co., Arizona//Dr. Lenczy, VII.1982 ” ( 1 male ); “Cochise Co., Ariz., VII-7-1904 //R. Hopping Collection” ( 1 male ); “Cochise Co., Ariz., VII-7-1904 ” ( 1 male ); “Cochise Co., Ariz.” ( 1 male ); “Palmerlee, S. Ar., Riederman Col.//Ehrman Coll., Carn. Mus . Acc. 7815” ( 1 male ); “Chiricahaua M., V-26-52. Ar.//D.J. & J. N. Knull Collrs.” ( 1 male ); “ USA : AZ: S. Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mountains, Madera Cyn, Roundup Trail, 26-VII-1985 , R. K. Velten collector” ( 1 male ); “Parker Cn., Cochise Co, Arizona //Dr. Lenczy, VIII. 1981 ” ( 1 male ); “Az, Cochise Co, 24 mi. SW Portal, VII-21-1981 , W. B. Warner/ /flying around dead standing walnut stump” ( 1 male ); “Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts. ARIZ, VII-28&29- 1959, Nutting, Radford, Samuelson” ( 1 male ); “ USA : ARIZONA : Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains, Southwestern Research Station, 8 km west of Portal, 6-VIII-1983 , Paul H. Arnaud, Jr.” ( 1 male ); “Ariz., Cochise Co., Huachuca Mnts., Miller Cyn., 8-VIII-1999 ” ( 1 male ); “AZ: Cochise Co., 8 mi S Sierra Vista, 26-VII-1988 , Carr Canyon//William D. Shepard, leg.” ( 1 male ); “S. W. Research Sta., Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., 31-VII-66” ( 1 male ); “Miller Canyon, 6000´, Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., Ariz, 23, 24 July 1976 , F. T. Hovore, coll.” ( 5 males ); “394// Gymnetis cretacea ?// Cotinis alboscripta Janson ” ( 1 male ); “ 2 mi. w. S.W.R.S., Chiricahua Mts., Ariz. vii-23-65//swept from Quercus sp. //Collectors: J. H. Davidson J. M. Davidson M. A. Cazier” ( 1 male ); “Ariz. Cochise Co., Portal SWRS, 8-VIII-1978 //R. A. Cunningham Colr” ( 2 males ); “ USA : ARIZONA : Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., 7000´elev., Reef Townsite, 1-Aug.-2010 , 31 o 25’44"N 110 o 17’24"W , R.A. Cunningham Collector” ( 1 male ); “ VII-21, 1975 , Ramsey Canyon, Cochise Co. AZ, P. Meyer coll.” ( 2 males ); “VIII-8-87 / Madera Cyn / Pima Co. Az.” ( 1 male ); “AZ: Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mts., Cave Cr. Cn. 1731m , viii-8-78 McCleve” ( 1 male ); “ ARIZONA : GRAHAM CO., Galiuro Mts. Ash Cn., viii-16, 17-82 1600m , S.McCleve, C.E.Ball & D. Maddison” ( 1 male ); “AZ: COCHISE CO, Huachuca Mts., Ramsey Canyon, Viii-10-85, P. Jump” ( 1 male ); “AZ: Pima Co., Madera Canyon, July 27, 1982 , D. N. Ahart” ( 1 male ); “Madera Cyn. Ariz., Santa Rita Mtns., Aug. 5, 1961 , R. G. Willis” ( 1 male ); “AZ: Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., viii-6-83, Peter Jump” ( 1 male , 1 female ); “AZ: Sta, Cruz Co., Sta. Rita Mys., Madera Cn., viii-13-83, S. McCleve & R. S. Anderson” ( 1 female ); “AZ: Cochise Co., Portal, viii-4-73, Peter Jump” ( 1 female ); “AZ:COCHISE CO., Huachuca Mts., Copper Canyon, viii-18-85 / P.Jump” ( 1 female ); “Ariz. Santa Cruz Co., Madera Cyn., Bog. Spr., 27-VIII-1974 ” ( 1 female ); “Madera Canyon, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona , August 8-9, 1982 , D. A. LaRue Collector” ( 1female ); “ USA : ARIZONA : Cochise County, Chiricahua Mountains, s fork Cave Creek Canyon, 4-Aug-1983 , Madeline M. Arnaud” ( 1 female ); “Madera Cyn., Santa Cruz Co. Ariz. 4880 ft. , IX-20-1963 //V. L. Vesterby Collector” ( 1 female ); “SWRS, Portal, Cochise Co., Ariz., VIII 10 1970 //LD & MD Anderson Collectors” ( 1 female ); “ 5 mi. w. Portal, Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., VIII-13-58//R. M. Bohart Collector” ( 1 female ); “Ariz., Cochise Co., Cave Creek Canyon, Snowshed Trail No. 5246 Btwen. Jct. 426 & Cypress Saddle, 13 Aug. 1973 , Oak-Pine-Juniper Woodland, SI & SL Frommer//Univ. Calif. Riverside Ent. Res. Museum, UCRC ENT 163325” ( 1 female ); “Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., VII-1916 //Van Dyke Collection” ( 1 female ); “Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., VII-22-1908 //Van Dyke Collection” ( 1 female ); “Sunny Flat Camp, Chiricahua Mtns., Cochise Co., Arizona , July 29, 1963 ” ( 1 female ); “S Fork Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mts, Cochise Co, Ariz., Aug. 11, 1962 , Eric Fisher, coll.” ( 1 female ); “ 5 mi. N. Summerhaven, Santa Catalina Mts, Pima Co, Arizona , August 27, 1962 , Eric Fisher collector” ( 1 female ); “14 th Sept. 57, Pinery Camp, So Wilcox, Ariz, Coll. G.H.S.” ( 1 female ); “S. W. Research Sta., Coch. Co., Chiri. Mts., ARIZ. VIII-15-65//L.D. Anderson Collector #44// COLEOPTERA, Assoc. Adult, #65- 44, UCR Ent. Coll.//Univ. Calif. Riverside, Ent. Res. Museum, UCRC ENT 163324” ( 1 female ); “8-22-52, Madera Canyon//Santa Rita Mts., Southern Ariz., Robert J. Ford” ( 1 female ); “Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mtns., Ariz., VIII-22-1985 , day flying//Robert E. Wagner Collector//Univ. Calif. Riverside, Ent. Res. Museum, UCRC ENT 163326” ( 1 female ); “Ramsay (sic) Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Arizona , 8.16.52, Dr. J. A. Comstock” ( 1 female ); “ Aug 13. 1952 , Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts//Southern Ariz., C. W. Kirkwood & R. H. Reid” ( 1 female ); “AZ: Chiricahua Mts., John Hands Picnic Area, 27 VII 74” ( 1 female ); “ 4 mi. S.W. Portal, Cochise co. Ariz., 5280' viii-16-1973 , Cazier family” ( 1 female ); “Canelas 17// cretacea Lec. ” ( 1 female ); “Canelas//346” ( 1 female ); “ VIII-10-1987 , Madera Cyn., Pima Co., Ariz.” ( 1 female ); “ VIII-11-1987 , Madera Cyn., Pima Co., Ariz.” ( 1 female ); “ Arizona VII-22-1981 , Santa Rita Lodge, Madera Cyn. Santa Cruz county. coll. Gordon Jones” ( 1 female ); “Huachuca Mts., Ariz., 8.1.1927 , R. H. Beamer” ( 1 specimen ); “AZ Cochise Co., Ramsey Canyon [Huachuca Mts.], vii-21-1989 , P.Mayer” ( 1 specimen ); “AZ Pima Co., Madera Canyon [Santa Rita Mts.], vii-10-1987 , D. Ahart” ( 1 specimen ); “AZ Pima Co., Madera Canyon [Santa Rita Mts.], viii-8-1987 , D. Ahart” ( 1 specimen ); “AZ Pima Co., Madera Canyon [Santa Rita Mts.], vii-11-1987 , D. Ahart” ( 1 specimen ); “AZ Sta.Cruz Co., Santa Rita Lodge, Madera Cyn., vii-22-1981 , G. Jones” ( 1 specimen ); “ARIZ.S.RitaMts., Madera Canyon, VIII-7-1961 //Collectors G.H.Nelson & Family//Flying Among Sycamores” ( 1 specimen ); “ ARIZONA : Cochise Co., Portal, 4-VIII-1973 , J. Knull” ( 1 specimen ); “ ARIZONA : CochiseCo., Chiricahua Mtns., nr. Portal//D.J.Knull, 11-VIII-71, J.N.Knull” ( 1 specimen ); “ ARIZONA : CochiseCo., S. W. Res. Sta., 22-VII-1976 , Lester L. Lampert” ( 3 specimens ); “ Arizona : Huachuca Mts. Sunnyside,, Aug. 26 1973 , K. Stephan leg.” ( 1 specimen ); “ ARIZONA : Chiricahua Mts., Cave Creek Cnyn., Stewart Camp Ground 1-VIII-1975 //Collector G. H. Nelson//In Hole of Oak Tree” ( 1 specimen ); “ ARIZONA : Huyachua (sic) Mts., Copper Canyon, S. end, 29-VII-1993 , G. H. Nelson//Flying” ( 1 specimen ); “ ARIZONA : Chiricahua Mts., Cave Creek Cnyn., StewartCp.Gr., 14-VIII-1973 //Collector G. H. Nelson//On Foliage Sycamore” ( 1 specimen ); “ARIZ., Portal, S.W.Res.Sta., VII-26-1969 //Collectors: D. Bray & D.E.Nelson” ( 1 specimen ); “ARIZ.: Cochise Co., Southwestern Research Station nr. Portal, 2-VIII-1973 , Rosenberg Collection” ( 1 specimen ); “ ARIZONA : Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts. 5700’, Ramsey Can. 1-viii-93, B.&.B. Valentine, colls.” ( 1 specimen ); “ ARIZONA : Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, 10- VIII-1978 , L. L. Lampert, Jr.” ( 1 specimen ); “AZ,Chiracahua [sic] Mts. 9mi. Above Portal 1-VIII-75//Collector G.H.Nelson//Flying” ( 1 specimen ); “ARIZONA: Chiricahua Mts., Cave Creek Cnyn., StewartCp.Gr., 3-VIII-1973 //Collector G. H. Nelson” ( 1 specimen ); “ MEXICO : Sonora , MX 16, 3km W. of Yecora, 17-VII- 2007 , Skillman, Ribardo, Hildebrant” ( 1 male ); “ MEXICO : Chihuahua , San Rafael-Cuiteco Rd., 17 o 28.111N , 107 o 56.597W , 8 August 2007 , 1870 m., Leg. David G. Furth: ( 1 male ); “MEX: Sonora , San Luis Mnts., VII-25-88, Coll. D. Barker” ( 1 male ); “Mojarachic, Chih, Mexico , 1938, 6900, I Knobloch” ( 1 female ); “Guasaparis, Chihuahua , Mex., X-17-51//J. Marquis, M. Marquis Collectors” ( 1 female ). All paratypes with our yellow paratype label. Figures 25-28. Gymnetina howdeni : 25a-b) Dorsal views, showing variation of cretaceous pattern on pronotum and elytra as well as sparse, small punctures on pronotal disc. 26) Oblique ventral view showing double row of cretaceous spots on sides of male abdomen, pygidial spot, and more broadly rounded apex of mesometasternal process. 27-28) Dorsal and ventral views, respectively, of parameres. Note distinct tooth at base of paramere on ventral side (arrow). Holotype , allotype , and two paratypes deposited at UNSM . Remaining paratypes deposited at ADMC , AMNH , ASUT , BCRC , CASC , CMNH , DNAC , DWSC , FSCA , FWSC , LACM , MCZC , RACC , RMBC , SEMC , SMCC , UAIC , UCRC , USNM , WBWC , ZMHU . Holotype . Male. Length 24.4 mm ; width across humeri 13.8 mm . Color black, shiny, with cretaceous marks as follows. Head with 4 minute, cretaceous flecks between eyes. Pronotum on lateral margin with broad, cretaceous band ( Fig. 25a ). Mesepimeron completely black. Metepisternum and adjoining part of metasternum completely cretaceous ( Fig. 26 ). Elytra each with broad, transverse, cretaceous band ( Fig. 25a ), band rarely broken ( Fig. 25b ). Pygidium with large, subtriangular, cretaceous spot on each side. Sternites 1-4 each with transverse, large, cretaceous spot on posterolateral margin. Sternites 2-5 each with transverse, large, cretaceous spot on anterior margin either side of middle. Metacoxa with cretaceous spot on posterolateral corner and on dorsal edge at front. Legs and venter black. Head : Lateral margins moderately elevated. Surface densely punctate; punctures moderate to large, becoming small and dense near clypeal apex, glabrous. Occiput smooth, shiny. Frons with weak, median, longitudinal swelling. Clypeus with apex broadly truncate, strongly reflexed, sides distinctly constricted just before antennal insertion. Interocular width equals 3.8 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 segments, club subequal in length to antennomeres 1-7. Pronotum : Surface with punctures moderate in density and size adjacent to cretaceous band, elsewhere with sparse, minute punctures. Mesepimeron dorsally and on anterior face rugulose next to posterior angle of pronotum (with minute, black setae) and with small, sparse, glabrous punctures elsewhere. Elytra : Surface punctate; punctures small, sparse on median half, becoming larger, slightly denser on lateral half and weakly rugose near lateral margin. Apical umbone pronounced. Apices subacutely produced. Pygidium : Surface concentrically rugulopunctate, setigerous; setae dense, short, black. In lateral view, surface flat except near subapex where weakly convex. Venter : Setae black. Mesometasternal process flat on ventral surface, apex broadly rounded, anterior face oblique at about 45 o to longitudinal axis of body. Abdominal sternites each with moderately dense, moderate to large punctures on lateral fourths, nearly impunctate at center. Legs : Protibia slen- der, tridentate, basal 2 teeth slightly closer to one another than is apical tooth to median tooth. Parameres : In ventral view, base of each paramere with small but distinct, basally projecting tooth ( Fig. 28 ). Allotype . Female. Length 25.5 mm ; width across humeri 13.5 mm . As holotype except in the following respects: Color : Metepisternum with median margin black at center, not completely cretaceous. Sternites 1-3 each with small, cretaceous spot on posterolateral margin. Sternites 2-5 lacking transverse, cretaceous spot on anterior margin either side of middle. Metacoxa lacking cretaceous spot on posterolateral corner. Head : Interocular width equals 4.0 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 segments, club slightly shorter than antennomeres 1-7. Legs : Protibia slightly broader. Variation. Males ( 87 paratypes ). Length 18.0- 27.1 mm ; width across humeri 9.5-14.7 mm . The male paratypes differ from the holotype as follows: Color : Head with minute, cretaceous flecks in only one specimen ; remainder without cretaceous flecks on head. Elytra with broad, transverse, cretaceous band broken in three specimens ( Fig. 25b ). Sternites 1-3 or 1-4 each with transverse, small to large, cretaceous spot on posterolateral margin. Sternites 2-5 or 3-5 or 4-5 or only 5 each with small to large, transverse, cretaceous spot on anterior margin either side of middle. Metacoxa with or without cretaceous spot on posterolateral corner and on dorsal edge at front. Head : Interocular width equals 3.8-4.0 transverse eye diameters. Pronotum : Surface with punctures moderate in density and size adjacent to cretaceous band, elsewhere with sparse, minute to small punctures. Elytra : Surface with punctures small and sparse (most common) to moderately large and dense (rare) on median half, becoming larger, slightly denser on lateral half and weakly rugose near lateral margin. Legs : Protibia tridentate, basal 2 teeth slightly closer to one another than is apical tooth to median tooth or all teeth subequally spaced in a few specimens. Females ( 33 paratypes ). Length 20.5-28.1 mm ; width across humeri 10.8-16.8 mm . The female paratypes differ from the allotype as follows: Color: Head usually lacking cretaceous flecks; 2 specimens with a large fleck on each lateral margin in front of eyes. Epimeron with small, cretaceous fleck in one specimen . Metepisternum completely cretaceous to cretaceous with median margin black to cretaceous with black spot at center. Elytra with transverse band broken at middle in 1 specimen (resulting spots are transverse, not round). Sternites 1-3 or 1-4 each with small (most common) to large, cretaceous spot on posterolateral margin. Metacoxa with or without cretaceous spot on posterolateral corner. Head : Interocular width equals 4.0-5.0 transverse eye diameters. Etymology. We take great pleasure in naming this species in honor of our friend and colleague, Henry Howden (Ottawa, Canada ), who first alerted us to the differences in the parameres of this new species and in recognition of his many contributions to scarab beetle exploration and discovery. Distribution ( Fig. 32 ). Gymnetis howdeni occurs in southeastern Arizona and northwestern Mexico . 123 specimens examined from ADMC, AMNH, ASUT, BCRC, CASC, CMNH, DNAC, DWSC, FSCA, FWSC, LACM, MCZC, RACC, RMBC, SEMC, SMCC, UAIC, UCRC, UNSM, USNM, WBWC, ZMHU. MEXICO (7). CHIHUAHUA (3): Guasaparis, Mojrachic, San Rafael-Cuiteco Rd. DURANGO (2): Canelas. SONORA (2): San Luis Mountains, Yecora ( 3 km W). UNITED STATES (115): ARIZONA (115): Cochise Co. (87): Carr Canyon, Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, Copper Canyon, East Turkey Creek, Garden Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, John Hands picnic area, Miller Canyon, Onion Saddle, Palmerlee, Pinery Canyon, Portal, Portal ( 4 mi. SW ), Portal ( 9 mi. N), Ramsey Canyon, Reef Townsite (Huachuca Mountains), Southwest Research Station, Sunny Flat Camp, Sunnyside, No data. Graham Co. (1): Ash Canyon (Galiuro Mountains). Pima Co. (10): Madera Canyon, Tucson. Santa Cruz Co. (15): Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains. No Data (2). NO DATA (1). Temporal Distribution. May (1), June (2), July (53), August (48), September (3), October (1). Diagnosis. Previously, this species was considered to be part of the variation in G. cretacea . Accordingly, we believe many additional specimens of G. howdeni , currently labeled as G. cretacea , reside in collections not included in this study. Gymnetina howdeni is distinguished from the similar G. cretacea by a pronotum that is largely impunctate or with sparse, minute to small punctures in both sexes, whereas G. cretacea has punctures at least moderate in density; the presence of a transverse, sinuous, cretaceous band on the elytra instead of 2 (rare) or 4 (common), large, round cretaceous spots as in G. howdeni ; by an entirely black mesepimeron (a cretaceous fleck seen in only two specimens ) as opposed to a mesepimeron nearly always with a distinct, cretaceous spot in G. cretacea ; by the presence of lateral and submedian, cretaceous spots on the abdominal sternites in males ( Fig. 26 ) (spots sometimes reduced but always with at least one submedian spot in addition to the lateral spots), whereas G. cretacea males have cretaceous spots only on the lateral margins of the abdominal sternites (spots sometimes reduced); and, in ventral view, the base of each paramere has a distinct, sclerotized, basally projecting tooth ( Fig. 28 ) that is lacking in G. cretacea ( Fig. 14 ). While males of G. howdeni have both lateral and submedian, cretaceous spots on the abdominal sternites, the females have only the lateral spots. The marginal, broad, cretaceous bands on the pronotum and the transverse, broad, cretaceous bands on the elytra show little variation, although three male specimens had the elytral bands weakly broken into two irregularly transverse spots ( Fig. 25b ). All other cretaceous markings vary a little in size or are occasionally reduced. Biology. WBW and several others have observed G. howdeni adults as they oriented to tree holes, and this species has been collected from tree holes in oaks ( Fig. 43-44 ) as adults (label data and J. Cicero, personal communication to WBW) and as pupae (label data). Pupal cases in the UAIC are covered with the feces of moth larvae. Some Arctiidae and Lasiocampidae larvae spend the daytime hidden within tree holes and emerge at night to feed on the tree leaves. They deposit considerable quantities of feces in the tree holes that produces a rich humus in which G. howdeni apparently breeds. Gymnetina howdeni is often sympatric with G. cretacea , but it tends to occur at higher elevations in oak or pine woodland ( Fig. 33-35 ) or along riparian areas in juniper woodland habitat, whereas G. cretacea is more often captured in lower elevation oak and mesquite grasslands around the bases of the same mountain ranges ( Fig. 36-39 ).