A review of the South American genera of Cimbicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) Author Vilhelmsen, Lars Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA. lbvilhelmsen@snm.ku.dk Author Smith, David R. B25C3A30-9EF6-4561-8DCE-C95869DFD7E8 sawfly2@aol.com Author Malagón-Aldana, Leonardo A. 4682DF93-FD43-4DDD-BC55-C323F1D2C738 Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA. leonardomalagon@snm.ku.dk text European Journal of Taxonomy 2018 2018-12-06 482 1 36 journal article 22176 10.5852/ejt.2018.482 96b86947-027d-4d56-915f-cc0cec1822ca 3825574 6F3B12C7-2311-48EA-8727-5B90489E26E3 Brasilabia clypealba ( Conde, 1932 ) Fig. 5 Material examined Holotype BRAZIL : ♀ , São Paulo , Ypiranga , Jan. 1906 , Luederwaldt leg. ( MZSP ). Other material BRAZIL : – Minas Gerais : 1 ♀ , Viçosa, Universidad Federal de Viçosa, Areo do Deparatmento de Apicultura, 651 m a.s.l., 20°45’ S , 42°57’ W , 4 Nov. 2007 , A . I . A Pereira leg. ( UFVB ); 1 ♀ same collecting data as preceding but 15 Nov. 2007 ( UFVB ); 1 ♀ same collecting data as preceding but 20 Nov. 2007 ( UFVB ). – Rio de Janeiro : 1 ♀ , Nova Friburgo, Mury, 1– 31 Jan. 1965 , Gred and Guimaraes leg. ( NMNH ). – São Paulo : 1 ♀ , São Paulo , Cidade de Universidade, 15 Oct. 1971 , C.G. Froehlic leg. ( MZSP ). Fig. 10. Pachylosticta apicalis (Westwood, 1835) , ♀ (NHRM). A . Habitus, dorsal. B . Head anterior. C . Thorax, lateral. Abbreviations: M, 2r-m, 1m-cu = wing veins; blue arrow = lighter colored area on apical antennomere; green arrow = posterior thoracic spiracle. Redescription (female, male unknown) MEASUREMENTS. Medium-sized sawfly, body length 10.5 mm . COLOR . Coloration predominantly black to dark brown ( Fig. 5 ), creamy white markings of various size on all body parts (e.g., clypeus on head ( Fig. 5 B ), lateral parts of pronotum). Legs creamy white proximally, black to dark brown distally. Wings predominantly hyaline. HEAD . Eyes converging ventrally, inner margins slightly incurved ( Fig. 5 B ). Posterior ocelli at level with dorsal margin of eyes. Toruli in middle of face, slightly closer to median ocellus than to ventral margin of clypeus. Epistomal sulcus absent. Clypeus with shallow incurvation medially. Gena medially less wide than width of eye, wider dorsally than ventrally. Malar space very low ( Fig. 5 B ). Occipital carina absent. Sclerotisation between occipital and oral foramina present. Antennae with five antennomeres [from Smith 1988 : fig. 34; specimen examined missing antennomeres 3–5 and 4–5, respectively]; antennomere 1 approx. 2× as long as wide, antennomere 2 approx. as wide as long, antennomere 3 approx. 2× as long as antennomere 4 [from Smith 1988 ], antennomere 5 slightly expanded distally [from Smith 1988 ]. Labrum broad, convex, flat, hairy, distal margin evenly curved. Mandibles less than ½ the height of head, with three teeth each ( Fig. 5 B ), inner margin not serrated. Maxilla with stipes of approx. equal width throughout, palps with six palpomeres, longer than labial palps. Labial palps with four palpomeres, palps inserting at level with maxillary palps. Postmentum narrow, at least 3× as long as wide. Fig. 11. Pachylosticta plaumanni Malaise, 1938 , ♀ (NHRM) A . Habitus, dorsal. B . Head anterior. C . Thorax, lateral. Fig. 12. Ƌ, habitus, lateral view A . Pachylosticta tibialis Klug, 1824 (NHMD). B . Pachylosticta sp., anterior view (MNHN). C . Pachylosticta violacea Klug, 1824 (NHMD). D . Pachylosticta sp. (MNRJ). Abbreviations: n1 = pronotum; n2 = mesonotum; pl2 = mesopleuron; blue arrow = pterostigma; red arrow = mesopleural groove; green arrow = posterior thoracic spiracle; yellow arrow = lighter colored area on apical antennomere. Fig. 13. Pseudabia fusca Schrottky, 1910 , ♀ (NMNH). A . Habitus, dorsal. Insert: tip of hindwing. B . Head, anterior. C . Thorax, lateral. Abbreviations: M, Rs+M, 2r-m, 1m-cu, 2m-cu = wing veins; M*, Rs* = wing cells; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1 st abdominal tergum; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus; red arrow = mesopleural groove. THORAX. Pronotum comparatively high medially, with transverse grove ending in small depression laterally, no lateral groove; pronotum articulating with mesopleuron for short distance ventrolaterally. Dorsal cervical sclerite present. Propectus without lateral projection, propleural sulcus present, medioventral margins of propectus widely separated, posteriorly extended into narrow points. Prosternum laterally extended, continuous with katepisternum which articulate, but does not fuse with propleuron at lateral coxal articulation point. Anterior fore tibial spur straight, simple, not much longer than posterior spur, spurs pointed and sclerotized apically. Mesonotum with distinct median sulcus and deep notauli ( Fig. 5 C ), laterophragmal apodeme not observed, postscutellum absent. Small anterodorsal part of mesopleuron separated from rest by vertical groove ( Fig. 5 A ), prepectus absent as separate sclerite. Horizontal carina absent laterally on mesopleuron. Posterior thoracic spiracle visible in lateral view, situated in incurvation in dorsal margin of mesopleuron. Median midcoxal articulations adjacent, only separated by small wedge of cuticle. Mesofurca not observed. Insertion of mesonoto-metanotal muscle on metanotum not observed; cenchri approx. 2× as broad as long. Anapleural cleft present, small. Metapleuron fused with abdominal tergum 1 along dorsal margin; posteroventral metapleural apodeme not observed; paracoxal sulcus curving posteriorly, terminating in the middle of the metapleural sulcus; metacoxal foramina open dorsally, without metapleural inflection laterally. Metafurca not observed. Hind coxa less than 2× as long as wide, median carina or spine not observed. Hind femoral ventral spur absent. Hind tibial apical spurs not much longer than apical width of tibia. Hind basitarsomere slightly longer than tarsomeres 2–4, tarsal claws bifid, teeth of subequal length. Fig. 14. Pseudopachylosticta subflavata ( Kirby, 1882 ) , ♀ (NHRS). A . Body, lateral. B . Fore wing. C . Head, anterior. D . Thorax, dorsal. Abbreviations: Rs, Rs+M, 2r-m, 1m-cu = wing veins; M*, Rs* = wing cells; n2 = mesoscutum; red arrow = mesopleural groove; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus. WINGS. Fore wing with vein M joining Sc+ R close to Rs+ M ; vein 2r-m posteriorly inserts on cell 2 M , very close to anterior end of 2m-cu; vein 1m-cu oriented obliquely, inserting on M some distance from 2r-m (distance 1m-cu–2r-m at least ½ distance Rs+M–1m-cu on M ); posterior anal vein present proximally and distally but discontinuous in the middle. Hind wing cell R 1 closed; vein M continuous, separating cells Rs and M , cell M not reaching vein Rs; cross vein 2a absent. ABDOMEN. Tergum 1 subdivided medially by narrow longitudinal membranous line ( Fig. 5 C ), lateral carina absent, posterior margin straight; tergum 1 not brighter colored than other abdominal terga. Metaphragma not observed. Separation between median terga and lateroterga weakly demarcated, fold most conspicuous on tergum 2. Cerci triangular, length approx. 1.5× width mid length. Ovipositor apparatus not observed; Smith (1988 : fig. 47) illustrates 1 st valvula, with longitudinal line, vertically oriented sawteeth with serrulae, and tip curving dorsally. Fig. 15. Pseudopachylosticta subflavata ( Kirby, 1882 ) , Ƌ, habitus, dorsal view (MHNH). Abbreviations: M, Rs = wing veins; M*, Rs* = wing cells; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1 st abdominal tergum; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus. Comments According to Smith (1988) , the holotype was collected in Ypiranga (possibly Ipiranga, São Paulo , Brazil ). The other material examined here fits well with the original description of Conde (1932) . Conde originally described the species as Pseudabia clypealba , but later transferred it to a separate genus, Brasilabia ( Conde 1937 ) ; the justification for removing the species from Pseudabia was the medially subdivided abdominal tergum 1 and the small size. The tergum 1 configuration is indeed unique among all Cimbicidae ; it might represent a retained plesiomorphy ( Blasticotomidae , Diprionidae , most Tenthredinidae and some Argidae and Pergidae display this feature; see Vilhelmsen 2015 : character 80) or a reversal compared to other cimbicids. Also diagnostic of Brasilabia clypealba is the eponymous creamy-white clypeus, contrasting with the blackish-brown color of the remainder of the head capsule; all other South American cimbicids have the head capsule uniformly darkly colored in anterior view.