The enigma of the genus Stenaphorura Absolon, 1900 (Collembola, Tullbergiinae)
Author
Rusek, Josef
text
Zootaxa
2010
2338
43
53
journal article
10.5281/zenodo.193252
6d8d2467-25f8-48cf-9103-e22e5845368a
1175-5326
193252
Stenaphorura japygiformis
Absolon, 1900
Figs 1–12
Type
material.
Holotype
female:
Czech Republic
, Central Moravia, Moravian Karst north of Brno, Elizabath cave,
9.v.1900
, coll. K. Absolon.
Other material.
Moravian Karst north of Brno, Suchý Žleb Valley,
Acereto-Fraxinetum
forest community, rendzina soil samples,
14.v.
(
4 specimens
) and
8.vii.1960
(
1 specimen
), coll. J. Rusek.
FIGURES 1–2.
Stenaphorura japygiformis
Absolon, 1900: 1
, dorsal chaetotaxy of head and nota; 2, dorsal and lateral chaetotaxy of abdominal segments I–VI. Scale bar:100 μm for 1, 2.
Redescription.
Body elongated (
Figs 1–2
) 900 μm long and 200 μm wide, white. Integument granules unequal large, coarse, with areas of very large ones, especially on head (
Fig. 10
) and last abdominal tergites (
Fig. 6
), where they reach 2–5 μm in diameter. On the medial parts of nota (
Fig. 7
) and abdominal tergites large granules reach 2 μm in diameter. Dorsal part of antennal bases, posterior parts of nota and abdominal tergites I–V bear belts of dense granulation formed by small granules 1–1.5 μm in diameter (
Figs 6–8
).
Macrochaetae well differentiated from the microchaetae (
Figs 1, 2
,
7, 10
). Chaetotaxy of dorsal side of body as in following formula:
| I |
II |
III |
I |
II |
III |
IV |
V |
| a |
- |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
| m |
- |
6 1) |
6 1) |
- |
4 4) |
4 4) |
6 6) |
2 |
| p |
8 |
8 2) |
8 2) |
12 3) |
10 5) |
10 5) |
7 7) |
6 8) |
| pl |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
6 |
1 9) |
1) m2, m4 and m5 present, 2) p3 thickened sensillum, 3) p2 macrochaeta, p3 sensillum, 4) m4 macrochaeta, 5) p2 macrochaeta, p3 thickened sensillum, 6) m2 and m4 macrochaetae, 7) p x microchaeta, p5 thickened sensillum, 8) p2 mesochaeta, p3 thin sensillum, p5 thickened sensillum, 9) macrochaeta.
Lengths of some chaetae: metanotum––a1 8 μm, m2 30 μm, m4 38 μm, p3 14 μm, p5 25 μm, s 17 μm, s’ 2 μm; abdominal tergite IV––a2 16 μm, m1 8 μm, m2 52 μm, m4 60 μm, p
x 8
μm, p2 12 μm, p3 sensillum 11 μm, p5 sensillum 13 μm; abdominal tergite V––a1 12 μm, a2 60 μm, m4 68 μm, p2 18 μm, p3 sensillum 15 μm, p5 sensillum 13 μm; abdominal tergite VI––a
x 30
μm, a3 28 μm, a5 62 μm, p
x 23
μm, p1 18 μm, frontal anal spines 28 μm, posterior anal spines 48 μm.
Pseudocelli of circular to oval shape, 6–8
x 9
μm in size, with crescentic, narrow opening, the lid with fine primary granulation and three, sometimes indistinct rips. Number and arrangement of pseudocelli: 11/111/ 11111 (
Figs 1, 2
).
Antennae 110 μm long, shorter than head (190 μm). Lengths of antennal segments I: II: III: IV as 20: 25: 30: 35 μm. Antennal segment IV (
Figs 3, 4
) with five thickened sensilla a–e, two short, thin sensory subapical organite f and microsensillum g in distinct pits. Sensillum d does not reach base of sensillum a, and the 17 μm long sensillum e is passing distinctly over the base of sensillum c (
Fig. 3
). Globular apical vesicle small, 2 μm in diameter (
Figs 3, 4
). Antennal organ III with two small sensory rods concealed behind integument fold, and of three thick sensory clubs. Integumental fold subdivided into two papillae (
Fig. 3
), not covering completely sensory clubs. One 10 μm long and 3 μm thick, bent sensory club present on ventral side of antennal segment III (
Fig. 4
).
Postantennal organ (
Figs 5
,
8
) 34 μm long and 7 μm wide, slightly S-shaped, 3.8 times longer than pseudocellus in front of it, in shallow depression with 50-56 simple, slim and narrow vesicles lying in two parallel rows.
Legs (
Fig. 9
) without clavate tibiotarsal hairs. Claw without teeth, 30 μm long, empodial appendage absent (
Fig. 9
). Areas or rings of coarse granulation occur on each segment of all pairs of legs (
Fig. 9
).
Setae p2, p3 and p5 on abdominal tergite V as sensilla, slim, not as thickened as in
Mesaphorura
spp. Abdominal tergite VI with two pairs of anal spines on distinct papillae (
Fig. 6
), without crescent ridges in front and without wart-like tubercles. Anal spines 30 (frontal pair) and 48 μm long. Three mesochaetae in transversal row between both pairs of anal spines (
Figs 2
,
6
).
Ventral tube with 6+6 setae (including the basal ones). No trace of furca. Female genital plate with 2 microchaetae on frontal lid.
Discussion.
The
holotype
of
Stenaphorura japygiformis
has shown that it bears only one posterior pseudocellus on each side of the head and not two as was described in the original description by Absolon, and further, that the postantennal organ is composed by 56 simple, narrow vesicles in two parallel rows (
Fig. 8
), that the antennal segment III organ is comprised by three thick sensory clubs and not two as given in the original description. I could observe three mesochaetae in a dorsal transversal row between both pairs of anal spines in the
holotype
. Also the general chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites IV and V was the same as in
Stenaphorura lubbocki
, especially presence of the p x chaeta (which is missing in
Stenaphorura quadrispina
). This enabled me to say
Stenaphorura japygiformis
is very similar to
S. lubbocki
. The differences between these two species are in the postantennal organ length which is 3.8 times longer than pseudocellus in front of it and is composed of 50 - 56 narrow vesicles in
S. japygiformis
and is much shorter than in
S. lubbocki
which has the postantennal organ 6.3 times longer than the pseudocellus in front of it and it is composed of 75 simple and slim vesicles (
Fig. 17
). Antennal sensillum d does not reach insertion of sensillum a and sensillum e is reaching almost the insertion of sensillum c in
S. lubbocki
, whereas in
S. japygiformis
sensillum d does not reach base of sensillum a, and the 17 μm long sensillum e is passing distinctly over the base of sensillum c (
Fig. 3
). These morphological data enabled me to ascribe the material from soil samples collected in Suchý Žleb in Moravian Karst (
Rusek 1968
) without doubt as belonging
S. japygiformis
and use it for completing its redescription.
FIGURES 3–6.
Stenaphorura japygiformis
Absolon, 1900: 3
, dorsal chaetotaxy of antennal segments III and IV; 4, ventral chaetotaxy of antennal segments III and IV; 5, anterior pseudocellus, chaetotaxy and granulation around postantennal organ; 6, dorsal and lateral chaetotaxy and integument granulation of abdominal segments V and VI. Scale bar: 50 μm for 3, 4; 40 μm for 6; 20 μm for 5.
FIGURES 7–10.
Stenaphorura japygiformis
Absolon, 1900: 7
, chaetotaxy and integument granulation of dorsal and left part of mesonotum; 8, postantennal organ of holotype; 9, chaetotaxy and granulation of hind leg; 10, postantennal organs, pseudocelli and dorsal chaetotaxy of head with differently granulated parts of integument. Scale bar: 50 μm for 7, 10; 20 μm for 9; 10 μm for 8.
The inaccuracies in the original Absolon’s description of
Stenaphorura japygiformis
led Luciáñez &
Simón (1992)
to create a new genus
Stenaphorurella
for
Stenaphorura quadrispina
Börner, 1901
. Following
Gisin (1944)
they treated
S. axelsoni
Bagnall, 1935
,
S. lubbocki
Bagnall, 1935
and
S. absoloni
Bagnall, 1935
as synonyms of
S. quadrispina
. This synonymy was widely accepted in the most European monographs and determination keys for
Collembola
(e.g.
Gisin 1960
, Palissa 1994,
Stach 1954
,
Zimdars & Dunger 1994
). Now, the next step after the redescription of
S. japygiformis
should be done, e.g. the statement that
Stenaphorurella
Luciáñez &
Simon, 1992
is a synonym of
Stenaphorura
Absolon, 1900
and all of the above mentioned species must be transferred back into
Stenaphorura
.
I have done a revision of the Bagnall’s
Stenaphorura
-material deposited in the British Museum of Natural History. The comparison of
Stenaphorura japygiformis
Absolon, 1900
with the Bagnall’s
Stenaphorura
species has shown that
Stenaphorura lubbocki
Bagnall, 1935
is its closest relative.