Revision of carpenter bees of the subgenus Neoxylocopa Michener (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Mexico and Mesoamerica Author Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A. 0000-0002-0833-4801 Author Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A. Author Ayala-Barajas, Ricardo 0000-0002-7718-1853 Author Pozo, Carmen 0000-0002-8685-1134 Author Vandame, Rémy 0000-0001-6931-1067 ihinojosa@ib.unam.mx text Zootaxa 2022 2022-06-27 5158 1 1 67 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1 journal article 94311 10.11646/zootaxa.5158.1.1 2ea92794-0848-464f-b082-5dc820088547 1175-5326 6758794 2191B88A-2CEB-496B-A255-5800EEFAEAFA Xylocopa ( Neoxylocopa ) clarionensi s Hurd, 1958 ( Figs. 47–55 , 114–116 , 136 ) Xylocopa ( Neoxylocopa ) clarionensi s Hurd, 1958: 251 . Holotype : California Academy of Sciences , San Francisco , California , USA ( ♂ ), paratype : California Academy of Sciences , San Francisco , California , USA ( ♀ , ♂ ). Type locality: Mexico , Colima , Revillagigedo Islands , Clarion Island . Diagnosis . Body length, female, 18.84 mm (17.92–20.29; n=4); male, 20.56 mm (18.93–22.19; n=2). Female: Head without elevated ridges or prominences on frons; ocelli below tangent of the eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc densely punctate (punctures separated by one and a half times or less their diameter); wings coppery with some violet iridescence ( Fig. 49 ); pubescence evenly black; integument mostly black except T1 to T5 reddish on margin ( Fig. 51 ); T1 densely punctate on disc (punctures separated by one time or less their diameter), T2 to T5 densely punctate (punctures separated by two or three times their diameter); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T2 0.33–0.62, T3 0.31–0.82, T4 0.50–1.18, T5 0.64–1.29. Male: Terga yellowish-orange, with no bands; metasoma with yellowish-orange pubescence; posterior tibia internal distal extreme with a small robust subapical projection, distally curved, without subapical concave area ( Fig. 55 ); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T2 0.99–1.42, T3 1.21–1.37, T4 1.16–2.34, T5 1.40–1.99. Tip of the lateral process of gonostylus ending oval-shaped (as broad as shaft of the process) ( Fig. 115 ). FIGURES 47–51. Female of X. ( N. ) clarionensis . 47. Frontal view; 48. Lateral habitus. 49. Dorsal habitus; 50. Basitibial plate; 51. Metasoma. Description . Female : Integument and pubescence usually black; T1 to T5 with reddish margin ( Fig. 51 ); wings copper with some violet iridescence ( Fig. 49 ); body length 18.84 mm (17.92–20.29; n=4), length of forewing 16.54 mm (15.66–7.72; n=4), head length 4.88 mm (4.66–5.34; n=4), intertegular distance 5.58 mm (5.37–5.98; n=4), width of T2 8.67 mm (8.08–9.29; n=4). Head : Clypeus: Inferior margin unpunctate; inferior submargin with a small depression; discal area of clypeus with punctures, separated by approximately twice their diameter; superior, sublateral and inferolateral areas with dense punctures; genal area and vertex with densely punctate, similar in size to those on clypeus, separated by one to two times their diameter. Mesosoma : Between the parapsidal line and discal area densely punctate, separated by one and a half times or less their diameter; scutellum convex in profile. Metasoma : T1 with densely punctate on discal area, separated by one time or less their diameter; T2 to T5 with dense punctures separated by two or three times their diameter; T6 with dense appressed punctures. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T2 0.33–0.62, T3 0.31–0.82, T4 0.50–1.18, T5 0.64–1.29. Male : Usually with yellowish-orange integument and pubescence; clypeus with a dark brown middle longitudinal line ( Fig. 52 ); wings light brown (orange), venation reddish-brown; body length 20.56 mm (18.93–22.19; n=2), length of forewing 16.71 mm (15.55–16.87; n=2), head length 4.05 mm (4.04–4.06; n=2), intertegular distance 5.28 mm (5.16–5.41; n=2), width of T2 9.52 mm (9.37–9.66; n=2). Head : Labrum, with subtriangular-shaped, middle region unpunctate, rest of labrum with scattered punctures. Clypeus with a longitudinal middle line unpunctate; discal area with few punctures; lateral and inferolateral areas with scattered punctures, separated by one and a half or more times their diameter; lateral ocelli located upper the level of the eyes margin; with an area half the diameter of an ocelli unpunctate in the sublateral region; vertex unpunctate on the central region posterior to the ocelli. Mesosoma : Between the parapsidal line and the discal area with densely appressed punctures; hind tibia, internal distal extreme with a small robust subapical projection, distally curved, without subapical concave area; posterior margin of this process with a well-defined laminar margin, almost of a third of the internal posterior margin of the tibia; internal basal surface with abundant long hairs; anterior margin with hairs longer than those on posterior margin ( Fig. 55 ). Metasoma: T1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T2 to T5 with simple hairs, T6 and T7 with a mixture of dense and very long simple and plumose hairs. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T2 0.99–1.42, T3 1.21–1.37, T4 1.16–2.34, T5 1.40–1.99. Genitalia : Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, obtuse ( Fig. 116 ); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, obtuse, barely noticeble ( Fig. 115 ); tip of the lateral process ending on an oval as broad as shaft of the process ( Fig. 115 ). FIGURES 52–55. Male of X. ( N. ) clarionensis . 52. Frontal view; 53. Lateral habitus; 54. Dorsal habitus; 55. Hind tibia. Distribution (Fig. 149). Known only for the Clarion Island, in the archipelago of Revillagigedo, Colima , Mexico ; endemic to this island. Material examined . 13 ♀ 4 ♂ : MEXICO : Colima : Clarion Island : 18.356221 , -114.72535 ; 122 m , 6-IX- 1987 , R . Medina, S . Martínez , 1 ♂ ; 5-XII-1987 , A. Ocampo, 1 ♀ , E. Barrera , 2 ♀ 1 ♂ ; 7-XII-1987 , A. Ocampo, 1 ♀ ; 8-XII-1987 , E. Barrera, 1 ♀ ; 12-XII-1987 , A. Ocampo, 2 ♀ ; 09-22-XI-1988 , A. García, J. L. Colin, A. Cadena, 6 ♀ 2 ♂ ( CNIN ). Commentaries . Considering the color of the wings and integument in females, this species may be morphologically close to X. sonorina , but it can be separated principally by its size, as it is much smaller and because the T 1 to T 5 have a broad reddish submarginal band, present in all specimens examined. In males, diagnostic character are present on the internal region of the hind tibia, as well as on the genitalia, which allows for recognizing it as a species.