<document id="EC8938428293868F5B5BBDF5B64512B8" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.663" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5a7c4049-6179-47df-8537-a81f307a7dc2" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3890442" ID-ZooBank="78E7049C-F592-4D01-9D15-C7715119B584" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1591910064537" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Tenorio, Manuel J., Abalde, Samuel, Pardos-Blas, José R. &amp; Zardoya, Rafael" docDate="2020" docId="AE38686E3053FF8CFDA2FCE6FDD30FF0" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-663_tenoria_abalde_pardos-blas.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 663 (663)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Africonus bellulus" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="520110163059FF86FFF7FF98FFFF091D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1733342609484" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="23242A9C18E80C6C30848FDB87681AF6">Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="57D79984C895F74AD4698DDD3CAE00BA">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="E46C4913930E2695355C4A1F62493381">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. &amp; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="AE38686E3053FF8CFDA2FCE6FDD30FF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5663060" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164501300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5663060" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE38686E3053FF8CFDA2FCE6FDD30FF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE38686E3053FF8CFDA2FCE6FDD30FF0" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Conidae">
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<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3053FF8CFDA2FCE6FC200A84" ID-CoL="65F88" authority="(Rolan, 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Rolan" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[597,991,894,921]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bellulus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3053FF8CFDA2FCE6FCCB0A84" bold="true" box="[597,820,894,921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Africonus bellulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4200A4893053FF8CFCB3FCE6FC290A84" author="Rolan" box="[836,982,894,921]" firstAuthor="Rolan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="5 - 70" refId="ref47149" refString="Rolan E. 1990. Descripcion de nuevas especies y subespecies del genero Conus (Mollusca, Neogastropoda) para el Archipielago de Cabo Verde. Iberus, Supplement 2: 5 - 70." type="journal article" year="1990">Rolán, 1990</bibRefCitation>
)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF33053FF8CFD19FC3AFCB90AA1" box="[750,838,930,956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="262ED9783053FF8CFD19FC3AFCB90AA1" blockId="10.[597,991,894,956]" box="[750,838,930,956]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="BEAAC5FD3053FF8CFD19FC3AFCB90AA1" box="[750,838,930,956]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1537,1563]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,2019]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,2022]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3 (opposite page). A. Africonus antoniaensis Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro, 2014, 14.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79889). B. Conus antoniomonteiroi Rolán, 1990,holotype, 16.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1100). C. Conus bellulus Rolán, 1990, holotype, 18.9 mm (MNCN 15.05/1098). D. Conus boavistensis Rolán &amp; Fernandes in Rolán, 1990, holotype, 13.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/1089). E. Africonus borgesi (Trovão, 1979), 30.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/88646). F. Conus navarroi calhetae Rolán, 1990, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1096). G. Conus crotchii Reeve, 1849, neotype, 22.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79971). H. Conus irregularis G.B. Sowerby II, 1858, lectotype, 28.3 mm (NHMUK 197871/1). I. Africonus cuneolus (Reeve, 1843), 28.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/79712). J. Conus curralensis Rolán, 1986, holotype, 17 mm (MNCN 15.05/1010). K. Africonus damottai (Trovão, 1979), 18.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/80401). L. Africonus decoratus (Röckel, Rolán &amp; Monteiro, 1980), 23.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78589). M. Africonus delanoyae (Trovão, 1979), 27.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/80397). N. Africonus denizi Afonso &amp; Tenorio, 2011, holotype, 11.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/60000). O. Conus diminutus Trovão &amp; Rolán, 1986, neotype, 14.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/80416). P. Africonus espingueirensis Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro, 2017, holotype, 9.7 mm (MMM). Scale bars = 10 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14278408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14278408/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="A730FF693053FF8CFF4AFC44FDCD0AEB" author="Rolan E." box="[189,562,988,1014]" page="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1990">
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3053FF8CFF4AFC44FDCD0AEB" ID-CoL="5ZXNP" authority="Rolan, 1990: 44" authorityName="Rolan" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1990" box="[189,562,988,1014]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bellulus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3053FF8CFF4AFC44FE930AEB" box="[189,364,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conus bellulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4200A4893053FF8CFE83FC44FDCD0AEB" author="Rolan" box="[372,562,988,1014]" firstAuthor="Rolan" page="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="5 - 70" refId="ref47149" refString="Rolan E. 1990. Descripcion de nuevas especies y subespecies del genero Conus (Mollusca, Neogastropoda) para el Archipielago de Cabo Verde. Iberus, Supplement 2: 5 - 70." type="journal article" year="1990">Rolán, 1990: 44</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 1, fig. 14.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="0681FE563053FF8CFF4AFB8EFCFF0D2D" box="[189,768,1045,1072]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3053FF8CFF4AFB8EFE930D2D" ID-CoL="5ZXNP" authorityName="Rolan" authorityYear="1990" box="[189,364,1046,1072]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bellulus">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3053FF8CFF4AFB8EFE930D2D" box="[189,364,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conus bellulus</emphasis>
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– 
<treatmentCitation id="A730FF693053FF8CFE7DFB8DFD550D2D" author="Monteiro A. &amp; Tenorio M. J. &amp; Poppe G. T." box="[394,682,1045,1072]" page="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="4200A4893053FF8CFE7DFB8DFD550D2D" author="Monteiro" box="[394,682,1045,1072]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Monteiro" page="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref45336" refString="Monteiro A., Tenorio M. J. &amp; Poppe G. T. 2004. A Conchological Iconography; The Family Conidae: the West African and Mediterranean Species of Conus. ConchBooks, Hackenheim." type="book" year="2004">
Monteiro 
<emphasis id="14E5056A3053FF8CFE09FB8EFDC60D2D" box="[510,569,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2004: 28
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, pl. 85.
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</paragraph>
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<heading id="7D666E143053FF8CFF4AFBD7FE550D74" bold="true" box="[189,426,1103,1129]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3053FF8CFF4AFBD7FE550D74" bold="true" box="[189,426,1103,1129]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="F92A67DA3053FF8CFF1DFBE6FEA30D85" box="[234,348,1150,1176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED9783053FF8CFF4AFB39FAAD0DA6" blockId="10.[189,1362,1150,1212]" box="[189,1362,1185,1212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="96F9D3253053FF8CFF4AFB39FAAD0DA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2634681550" box="[189,1362,1185,1212]" collectionCode="C" collectorName="E. Rolan" country="Cape Verde" location="Santa Luzia Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNCN 15.05/1098" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E83053FF8CFF4AFB39FE880DA1" box="[189,375,1185,1212]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CABO VERDE</collectingCountry>
• 
<quantity id="E169749D3053FF8CFE67FB39FE030DA1" box="[400,508,1185,1212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="18.9">18.9 mm</quantity>
; 
<location id="234E8FA33053FF8CFDFFFB39FD1A0DA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE38686E3053FF8CFDA2FCE6FDD30FF0:234E8FA33053FF8CFDFFFB39FD1A0DA6" box="[520,741,1185,1211]" country="Cape Verde" name="Santa Luzia Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Santa Luzia Island</location>
, Curral; 
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leg.; 
<specimenCode id="763771033053FF8CFC03FB39FB270DA1" box="[1012,1240,1185,1212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNCN 15.05/1098</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="BEAAC5FD3053FF8CFB1FFB39FABA0DA6" box="[1256,1349,1185,1211]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1537,1563]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,2019]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,2022]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3 (opposite page). A. Africonus antoniaensis Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro, 2014, 14.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79889). B. Conus antoniomonteiroi Rolán, 1990,holotype, 16.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1100). C. Conus bellulus Rolán, 1990, holotype, 18.9 mm (MNCN 15.05/1098). D. Conus boavistensis Rolán &amp; Fernandes in Rolán, 1990, holotype, 13.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/1089). E. Africonus borgesi (Trovão, 1979), 30.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/88646). F. Conus navarroi calhetae Rolán, 1990, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1096). G. Conus crotchii Reeve, 1849, neotype, 22.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79971). H. Conus irregularis G.B. Sowerby II, 1858, lectotype, 28.3 mm (NHMUK 197871/1). I. Africonus cuneolus (Reeve, 1843), 28.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/79712). J. Conus curralensis Rolán, 1986, holotype, 17 mm (MNCN 15.05/1010). K. Africonus damottai (Trovão, 1979), 18.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/80401). L. Africonus decoratus (Röckel, Rolán &amp; Monteiro, 1980), 23.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78589). M. Africonus delanoyae (Trovão, 1979), 27.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/80397). N. Africonus denizi Afonso &amp; Tenorio, 2011, holotype, 11.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/60000). O. Conus diminutus Trovão &amp; Rolán, 1986, neotype, 14.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/80416). P. Africonus espingueirensis Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro, 2017, holotype, 9.7 mm (MMM). Scale bars = 10 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14278408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14278408/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Fig. 3 
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).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED9783053FF8CFF4AFB66FBE50C04" blockId="10.[189,1050,1243,1305]" box="[189,1050,1278,1305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="96F9D3253053FF8CFF4AFB66FBE90C04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2634681330" box="[189,1046,1278,1305]" collectionCode="MJT" collectorName="Curral &amp; E. Rolan" country="Cape Verde" location="Santa Luzia Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E83053FF8CFF4AFB66FE880C04" box="[189,375,1278,1305]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CABO VERDE</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="309712F13053FF8CFE67FB66FE1A0C04" box="[400,485,1278,1305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
; 
<location id="234E8FA33053FF8CFE06FB66FD300C05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE38686E3053FF8CFDA2FCE6FDD30FF0:234E8FA33053FF8CFE06FB66FD300C05" box="[497,719,1278,1304]" country="Cape Verde" name="Santa Luzia Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Santa Luzia Island</location>
, 
<collectorName id="8B64BCAE3053FF8CFD2DFB66FCD60C05" box="[730,809,1278,1304]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Curral</collectorName>
; 
<collectorName id="8B64BCAE3053FF8CFCC3FB67FC640C05" box="[820,923,1278,1305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. Rolán</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectionCode id="408041BD3053FF8CFC2AFB67FBE90C04" box="[989,1046,1279,1305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MJT</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF33053FF8CFF4AFAA0FBD10C9C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="262ED9783053FF8CFF4AFAA0FDFD0C4F" blockId="10.[189,514,1336,1362]" box="[189,514,1336,1362]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="7D666E143053FF8CFF4AFAA0FDFD0C4F" bold="true" box="[189,514,1336,1362]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3053FF8CFF4AFAA0FDFD0C4F" bold="true" box="[189,514,1336,1362]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED9783053FF8CFF4AFAFFFBD10C9C" blockId="10.[189,1070,1383,1410]" box="[189,1070,1383,1410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Santa Luzia (Curral) and 
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E83053FF8CFE10FAFFFD8C0C9C" box="[487,627,1383,1409]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">São Vicente</collectingCountry>
(Saragaça), 
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E83053FF8CFCF0FAFFFC700C9C" box="[775,911,1383,1409]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cabo Verde</collectingCountry>
Archipelago.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF33053FF8CFF4AFA30FE960CEC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="262ED9783053FF8CFF4AFA30FD650CDF" blockId="10.[189,666,1448,1474]" box="[189,666,1448,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="7D666E143053FF8CFF4AFA30FD650CDF" bold="true" box="[189,666,1448,1474]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3053FF8CFF4AFA30FD650CDF" bold="true" box="[189,666,1448,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conservation status in IUCN Red List</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED9783053FF8CFF4AFA4FFE960CEC" blockId="10.[189,361,1495,1521]" box="[189,361,1495,1521]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Data deficient.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF33053FF8CFF4AF980FDD30FF0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="262ED9783053FF8CFF4AF980FED00F2F" blockId="10.[189,303,1560,1586]" box="[189,303,1560,1586]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="7D666E143053FF8CFF4AF980FED00F2F" bold="true" box="[189,303,1560,1586]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3053FF8CFF4AF980FED00F2F" bold="true" box="[189,303,1560,1586]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED9783053FF8CFF4AF9DFFDD30FF0" blockId="10.[189,1399,1607,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
No specimens of this species have been molecularly examined. Very few specimens have surfaced in the last 30 years, and most of them have been collected as empty shells. Clearly, more studies are needed in order to confirm the status of this taxon. Given the fact that most of the species described from the islands of 
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E83053FF8CFEC2F928FE3F0FD7" box="[309,448,1712,1738]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">São Vicente</collectingCountry>
and Santa Luzia have shown relative large genetic divergences, we provisionally consider this as a valid species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>