Notes on Carex (Cyperaceae) from China (VII): new synonyms and imperfectly known species Author Jin, Shui-Hu 0000-0003-0334-6683 State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions / School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People’s Republic of China. & jsh 501 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0334 - 6683 Author Lu, Yi-Fei State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions / School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People’s Republic of China. & College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People’s Republic of China. Author Chen, Wei-Jie 0000-0001-5186-0279 State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions / School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People’s Republic of China. & cwj 86948968 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5186 - 0279 Author Jin, Xiao-Feng 0000-0002-8195-6738 State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions / School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People’s Republic of China. & docxfjin @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8195 - 6738 text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-01-13 531 1 54 62 journal article 2584 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.1.4 31ac53f0-8436-4f77-8738-6ff52a765502 1179-3163 5843515 Carex cavaleriensis H. Lév. & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 349. 1907. Type:— CHINA . Kouy-Tchéou [ Guizhou ], Pin-fa [ Pingfa ], 28 Apr. 1905 , J. Cavalerie 2331 ( holotype : P-00280849 !; isotype: P-00280850!). Carex macrosandra ( Franchet, 1897: 169 ) V.I. Kreczetowicz (1946: 189) , was placed in sect. Clandestinae in Roalson et al. 2021. It has been recorded in some Chinese taxonomic literature as a poorly known species. Originally Franchet (1897) described this taxon as a variety of C. lanceolata Boott (in Gray, 1856: 326 , placed in sect. Clandestinae in Roalson et al. 2021) ( Figure 7 : A) and designated three collections ( Henry 1288 , Henry 7846 and Henry 7860 ) as syntypes ( Figure 7 : B–F). Franchet noted that his new variety differed from the typical one, C. lanceolata , in having longer staminate spikes ( Figure 7 : B–E). Clarke (1904) transferred it as a variety of C. pediformis C.A. Meyer (1831: 219 , placed in sect. Clandestinae in Roalson et al. 2021). Later Kreczetowitcz (1946) raised it to species rank. The syntypes of C. macrosandra have, in fact, relatively short staminate spikes and peduncles, which are consistent to those of C. lanceolata ( Figure 7 : F, G). Moreover, Kreczetowitcz (1946: 189) proposed the new combination, C. macrosandra , and erroneosly designated (1946: 190) A. Henry 7890 from Hubei as the type. Accordingly, the name still needs lectotypification, which we designate on Henry 1288 . Carex cavaleriensis H. Lév. & Vaniot (in Léveillé, 1907: 349), placed in sect. Clandestinae in Roalson et al. 2021), was treated as a synonym of C. macrosandra ( Zhao et al. 2011 ) ( Figure 7 : H–K). However, according to the examination of the type specimen, it differs from C. macrosandra in having staminate spikes longer, 5.5–7 cm long ( vs. 0.5–2 cm long), staminate scales purple-black ( vs. brown to red-brown), and lateral spikes 1.5–3 cm long ( vs. 1–1.7 cm long) with 30+ flowers densely arranged ( vs. with 5–13 flowers) ( Figure 7 : H, I). Thus, C. cavaleriensis is recognized as a distinct and independent species.