Between areolated and band-shaped spots: a revision of Lacronia Strand, 1942 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) Author Carvalho, Rafael N. 63A9A0F0-7C99-4419-8449-7506664D4766 Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 20.940 - 040, Brazil. & Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto de Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 20.550 - 900, Brazil. rafaelcarvalhobio@hotmail.com Author Kury, Adriano B. 60FAE1F8-87F7-4A5F-BE78-BEB25BC4F898 Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 20.940 - 040, Brazil. adrianok@gmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-02-13 859 1 56 journal article 53200 10.5852/ejt.2023.859.2043 73cc873d-ca27-4d90-b061-3a2628236fec 2118-9773 7641336 8110A1B3-C4A4-4495-8AFD-1FED3D11D0A4 Genus Lacronia Strand, 1942 Luederwaldtia Mello-Leitão, 1923a: 518 [junior homonym of Luederwaldtia Schmidt, 1922 (Hemiptera) ] [ type species: Luederwaldtia serripes Mello-Leitão, 1923 , by original designation]. Luederwaldtia originally in Pachylinae. Lacronia Strand, 1942: 397 [available replacement name for Luederwaldtia Mello-Leitão, 1923 ]. Luederwaldtia – Mello-Leitão 1926: 337 ; 1932: 166 ; 1935a: 99 . — Roewer 1929: 218 . — Kästner 1937: 389 . — Soares & Soares 1954: 269 . — H. Soares 1966: 286 . — Muñoz-Cuevas 1973: 226 . Lacronia – Kury 2003a: 174 ; 2003b: 29 . — Kury & Orrico 2006: 148 . Diagnosis Lacronia resembles Discocyrtus s. str. due to: 1) stylus straight on the glans ( Fig. 11A–B ); 2) apical portion of the stylus only as an undifferentiated extension of its stem ( Fig. 3A–D ); 3) ventral process of the glans with the same diameter of the stylus ( Fig. 20A, D ); 4) ocularium height (in lateral view) with thrice or more the eyes diameter length ( Fig. 7B, E ); 5) Fe II–III with a retro-dorsal distal spur ( Fig. 3A ); 6) Pa IV covered by acuminated tubercles on the dorsal view ( Fig. 12G–H, J ). Lacronia can be differentiated from Discocyrtus s. str. by: 1) mesotergum area III (on males) with a pair of paramedian spines (a pair of subconical structures in L. ceci ) ( Fig. 4B–G ); 2) mesotergum area IV of the mesotergum not invading the posterior border of the dorsal scutum (area IV invading the posterior border of the dorsal scutum in L . boraceae comb. nov. ) ( Fig. 4A–D, F–G ); 3) Ti III maceshaped ( Fig. 12D ); 4) Cx IV with acuminated tubercles on the prolateral border ( Fig. 12A ); 5) Cx IV with a prodorsal apophysis crenated on the posterior portion ( Fig. 12A ); 6) Cx IV with a prodorsal apophysis transversally inserted in relation to the main body axis ( Fig. 7A ); 7) Tr IV approximately quadrangular-shaped ( Fig. 12G, I ); 8) Fe IV approximately straight (in dorsal view) ( Fig. 17F ). Etymology Luederwaldtia in honor of German born Brazilian zoologist Herman Luederwaldt (1858–1938). Gender feminine. Lacronia of obscure origin, possibly from a proper name ‘Lacrona’. Gender feminine. Included species Lacronia boraceae (B. Soares, 1942 ) comb. nov. , Lacronia camboriu Kury, 2003 , Lacronia ceci Kury & Orrico, 2006 , Lacronia nigra (Mello-Leitão, 1923) comb. nov. , Lacronia ricardoi Kury, 2003 , Lacronia serripes (Mello-Leitão, 1923) ( type species) and Lacronia tenuis ( Roewer, 1917 ) comb. nov. Geographic distribution BRAZIL : states of Rio de Janeiro , Santa Catarina and São Paulo ( Fig. 5 ). Key for males of species of Lacronia 1. Ocularium convex (in frontal view) without medial depression, with a pair of tubercles/spines fused at the base; mesotergum area II invading laterally the posterior portion of the area I; mesotergum area III with a pair of spines with acuminated apex; Fe and Mt IV dorsally armed with spines ..... 2 – Ocularium convex (in frontal view) with medial depression, with an independent pair of tubercles; mesotergum area II not invading laterally the posterior portion of the area I; mesotergum area III with a pair of spines with rounded apex; Fe and Mt IV dorsally unarmed .... L. ceci Kury & Orrico, 2006 2. Glans’ stylus with apical portion swollen in relation is stem; mesotergum without areolate pattern of spots surrounding the tubercles; mesotergum area III with a pair of spines with slight distal inflection to ventral portion; free tergites I–III with a transversal row of ordinary tubercles; Fe IV with proximal and distal portions with approximately the same diameter; Ti IV dorsally covered by regular tubercles ................................................................................................................................ 3 – Glans’ stylus with apical portion without an undifferentiated apex; mesotergum without areolate pattern of spots surrounding the tubercles; mesotergum area III with a pair of straight spines; free tergites I–III with a pair of highlighted tubercles on the paramedian portion; Fe IV with distal portion larger (in diameter) than the proximal; Ti IV dorsally covered by acuminated tubercles and/ or spines ............................................................................................................................................ 5 3. Mesotergum with band-shaped marks contrasting the background color; mesotergum areas II–IV without ordinary tubercles; mesotergum area II not invading laterally the anterior portion of the area III; Tr IV prolateral proximal apophysis hook-shaped .............................................................. 4 – Mesotergum with uniform background color; mesotergum areas II–IV with ordinary tubercles (contrasting with the background color) on the paramedian portion; mesotergum area II invading laterally the anterior portion of the area III; Tr IV prolateral proximal apophysis isosceles-triangleshaped with a medial anterior bud .................................................. L. serripes (Mello-Leitão, 1923) 4. Scutal areas III–IV with band-shaped marks contrasting the background color; mesotergum area I with a pair of conspicuous tubercles; leg III with twice or more the diameter of the leg II; Pa IV retro-ventral portion unarmed ...................................................................... L. camboriu Kury, 2003 – Scutal areas III–IV with uniform background color; mesotergum area I without tubercles; leg III with 1.5× the diameter of the leg II; Pa IV retro-ventral portion with a row of tubercles ................. ......................................................................................................................... L. ricardoi Kury, 2003 5. Mesotergum area I with one or two pair(s) of highlighted tubercles; mesotergum area III without any dorsal expansion; Mt IV dorsal row of spines composed only by regular spines or tubercles ......... 6 – Mesotergum area I covered by ordinary tubercles; mesotergum area III posteriorly expanded with a paramedian dorsal monticule; Mt IV dorsal row of spines with the third spine bifid ........................ ........................................................................................... L. boraceae (B. Soares, 1942 ) comb. nov. Fig. 5. Southeasten and Southern regions of Brazil, showing the distribution of the Lacronia spp. The area shaded in green represents the Atlantic province, as proposed by Morrone et al. (2022) . 6. VP without macrosetae A on the medial portion; mesotergum tubercles and areolate spots with same color; mesotergum area I with a pair of conspicuous tubercles; Cx IV prolateral apophysis with a tiny spine on the apex; Tr IV prolateral distal portion with a hook-shaped apophysis ....................... ........................................................................................... L. nigra (Mello-Leitão, 1923) comb. nov. – VP with macrosetae A1 on the medial portion; mesotergum with tubercles’ color contrasting with the areolate spots; mesotergum area I with two pairs of conspicuous tubercles; Cx IV prolateral apophysis regular, without a tiny spine on the apex; Tr IV prodorsal distal portion with transversal apophysis (covered by four prominent tubercles) ................... L. tenuis ( Roewer, 1917 ) comb. nov.