Katydids of Costa Rica / Vol. 1, Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato). Author Piotr Naskrecki text 2000 The Orthopterists Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA book 10.5281/zenodo.270035 647046fe-0ee5-401d-b4f8-aea0355fde7f 270035 Conocephalus (Xiphidion) angustifrons ( Redtenbacher, 1891 ) Figs. 1 C, 2E, 2J, 36A, 39B, 39J, 52C-D, Map 1 1891 Redtenbacher, Monogr. Conoceph.: 498 >> Xiphidium ; type locality: Colombia : Tolima and Sta Fe de Bogota ; type depository: Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna , Austria – male and female syntypes 1906 Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. 2: 282. >> Anisoptera 1915b Rehn and Hebard, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 41: 260 >> Conocephalus ( Xiphidion ) Diagnostic description.— General characteristics as described above; most individuals in the Costa Rican population mesopterous ( Fig. 36 A), rarely macropterous. TABLE 1. Key for identification of Costa Rican species of Conocephalus and Orchelimum

Species	Male cerci	Left mirror area	Ovipositor	Coloration
C. angustifrons	small, shorter than eye diameter ( Fig. 1 C)	as long as 0.6-0.7 of hind femur ( Fig. 2 E)	body dark emerald green; apex of male abdomen red ( Fig. 35 A)
C. cinereus	small, shorter than eye diameter ( Fig. 1 E)	as long as 0.8-0.9 of hind femur ( Fig. 2 C)	body light green; apex of male abdomen yellow ( Fig. 36 D)
C. ictus	about as long as eye diameter ( Fig. 1 D)	as long as 0.8-0.9 of hind femur ( Fig. 2 D)	body pale green; apex of male abdomen yellow to reddish brown
C. saltator	about as long as eye diameter ( Fig. 1 B)	as long as 0.9 of hind femur ( Fig. 2 F)	body light green; apex of male abdomen reddishyellow to yellowishbrown
C. magdalenae	large, distinctly longer than eye diameter ( Fig. 1 F)	as long as 0.6 of hind femur ( Fig. 2 B)	body green; abdomen in both sexes with yellow and black
O. fraternum	about as long as eye diameter ( Fig. 3 C)	as long as 0.6-0.7 of hind femur ( Fig. 3 F)	longitudinal stripes body pale green; dorsal surface of abdomen yellow

Stridulatory file of male 1.06 mm long, with 40 teeth, maximum width of file 50 μm ( Fig. 39 J); teeth of file thick, peg-like, more densely arranged at proximal end of file. Left (upper) mirror of stridulatory apparatus as in Fig. 1 C, shorter than eye diameter. Fastigium of 1/2 to 3/4 as wide as scapus. Outer ventral edge of hind femur armed with 1-4 minute, black spines. Male cercus as in Fig. 39 B; ovipositor distinctly shorter than hind femur (ratio ovipositor/hind femur 0.62-0.71), weakly upcurved ( Fig. 2 E). Coloration .— Coloration unique, in live individuals head and anterior portion of pronotum aquamarine green or teal, posterior part of pronotum, thoracic terga and first four abdominal terga emerald green; remaining portion of abdomen of male bright orange-red, that of female reddish-brown; all femora brown, hind knees dark brown; fore and mid tibia emerald green, hind tibia dark green to brown. Dorsum of head and pronotum with wide, dark band, typical of most species of the genus ( Fig. 36 A). Coloration deteriorates considerably in preserved specimens but most of them still retain dark bluish-green coloration, unlike any other species of Conocephalus . Measurements .— Table 2 . Bioacoustics.— The call of C. angustifrons consists of a series of short chirps, produced at the rate of about 1.4- 2.0 per second (at 26°C) ( Fig. 52 C). Each chirp lasts 92- 124 ms (avrg. 116±10.3, n=10) and consists of 3-4 wingstrokes (opening and closing), with the first wingstroke being incomplete ( Fig. 52 D). Typically of the genus, the call is low Q, with most energy within the audible part of the call allocated between 6.5-16 kHz. Remarks.— This species is known from the Atlantic portion of Costa Rica ( Map 1 ), Panama , and Colombia . It is one of the most distinctive species of the genus and cannot be confused with any other species of Conocephalus in Costa Rica . Conocephalus angustifrons seems to be active mostly at night although males also stridulate during the day. This species appears to be predaceous, successfully hunting insects of nearly equal body size (e.g., katydids of the genus Phlugis ). Material examined.— COSTA RICA : Cartago Prov. , 2 mi SE Turrialba (grounds of Inst. Interamer. de Sci. Agricolas), 1 - 3 October 1961 (coll. Hubbell, Cantrall, Cohn) - 5 males , 1 female ( UMMZ ); Monumento Nacional Guayabo, A.C.A.C. Amistad, 15 July 1994 (coll. G. Fonseca) - 1 male ( INBio ); Quebrada Segunda Ref., Nac. Fauna Silv. Tapantí, elev. 1250 m , 15 April 1992 (coll. R. Vargas ) - 1 female ( INBio ); Heredia Prov. , Braulio Carillo N. P., Estac. El Ceibo, elev. 400 - 600 m , 15 December 1989 (coll. R. Aguilar and M. Zumbado) - 2 males ( INBio ); Puerto Viejo, La Selva Biological Station, elev. 50 - 150 m , 10° 26' N , 84° 1' W , 1 - 4 April 1994 (coll. P. Naskrecki) - 1 male ( INBio ); same locality, elev. 50 - 150 m , 10° 26' N , 84° 1' W , 13 April - 10 May 1998 (coll. P. Naskrecki) - 2 males ( INBio ); Limón Prov. , Estac. Hitoy-Cerere Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Río Cerere, elev. 200 m , 15 December 1990 (coll. G. Carballo) - 1 male ( INBio ); same locality, elev. 200 m , 15 April 1991 (coll. G. Carballo) - 1 male ( INBio ); same locality, elev. 100 m , 15 June 1991 (coll. A. Moreno) - 1 female ( INBio ); same locality, elev. 100 m , 15 June 1991 (coll. G. Carballo) - 1 male , 1 female ( INBio ); Los Diamantes ( 1 km E of Guápiles), 26 - 27 January 1967 (coll. I.J. Cantrall) - 10 males , 6 females ( UMMZ ); Saturno Farm, Estrella Valley, elev. 30.48 m , 12 September 1923 - 2 males ( ANSP ); PANAMA : Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 20 January 1967 (coll. I.J. Cantrall) - 1 female ( UMMZ ).