Four new species of Plumachaetas Salmon (Collembola: Entomobryoidea) from Oceania with comments on the genus and a key to species
Author
Oliveira, Fábio G. L.
Author
Greenslade, Penelope
Author
Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante
text
Zootaxa
2019
2019-12-06
4706
1
121
146
journal article
24703
10.11646/zootaxa.4706.1.5
d675dd01-bde3-4465-96f1-5ab12a87e002
1175-5326
3565138
B5C7776D-DC1C-43BE-AEAE-3983F88A426D
Plumachaetas belae
sp.nov.
Oliveira, Bellini & Greenslade
Figs 1–2
;
3A
;
5A, C, D, H
;
6A, B, F
;
7A
;
8A
;
9
A–B; 10A–B; 11A–B; 12A; 13A–C; 14A, E, I, J; 15;
Table 1
Type material.
Holotype
female, deposited at
Australian Museum of Sydney
on slide Nº AMS/
COLL 00000001
:
Australia
,
New South Wales
,
Taree
,
Lorien Wildlife Refuge
,
31° 45’04”S
,
152°32’03”E
,
Malaise Trap
,
Forest
,
Jan 17–Feb 4, 2012
,
G. & B. Williams
coll.
Paratypes
deposited at
Australian Museum of Sydney
on slides Nº AMS/
COLL 00000002–00000006
:
2 males
,
3 females
, same data as holotype
.
Paratypes
deposited at
South Australian Museum
(
SAMA
), on slides Nº AMS/
COLL 00000001–00000005
:
4 males
,
1 female
, same data as holotype
.
Paratypes
deposited at
South Australian Museum
(
SAMA
),
10 specimens
in ethanol Nº AMS/
COLL 00000006
, same data as holotype
.
Diagnosis.
Tibiotarsi distal region dark blue (
Fig.3A
). Ant.IV apical region with 1 thick, ciliate chaeta (
Fig.5A
). Ant.I with 6–7 dorsal mac (
Fig.5D
). Labral chaetae
p0–1
longer than others (
Fig.5H
). Dorsal head chaetotaxy with 4
M
and
Pa1
mac,
Pi
mac missing (
Fig.8A
). Labial basolateral and basomedian fields with chaetae
M1–2
,
R
,
L1–2
ciliated, others smooth (
Fig.6B
). Th. II central region with
3–4
m
and 8
p
mac (
Fig.9A
). Th.III central region with 12 mac (
Fig.9B
). Abd.I with 4 mac (
Fig.10A
). Abd.II with 4 central and 1 lateral mac (
Fig. 10B
). Abd.III with 2 central and 4 lateral mac (
Fig.11A
). Abd.IV with 29–31 central and 8 lateral mac (
Fig.11B
). Trochanteral organ with 115–117 spine-like chaetae (
Fig.14A
). Ventral tube anterior region with 8 + 8 distal mac (
Fig.13A
). Dens lack- ing modified large distal chaeta, mucro with 2 teeth (
Fig.
14I
).
Description.
Body pale yellow to white on ethanol; antennae and legs light bluish with dark blue pigment on proximal and distal Ant.I–II, antero-dorsal and lateral head, lateral Th.II–Abd.II, antero-lateral margin and two spotted areas on dorso-posterior Abd.IV, lateral and central Abd.V, distal and proximal tibiotarsi and distal femora. Eyepatches dark (
Fig.3A
). Apically pointed strongly ciliate elongate scales covering Ant.I–II, dorsal and lateral head, dorsal trunk, legs, ventral manubrium and dentes (
Figs 1A, 1C
,
8A
); ventral tube devoid of scales. Body (head+trunk) length of
holotype
3390μm (trunk: 2996 μm; head: 786 μm).
Head. Antennae longer than body length (
Figs1A
,
3A
).
Holotype
antennae lengths: 3769 μm (Ant.I= 655 μm; Ant.II= 1013 μm; Ant.III= 712μm; Ant.IV= 1389μm). Ant.IV annulated, with at least three types of chaetae: blunt sensilla and normal ciliate chaetae of different sizes and one thick apical chaeta (
Figs1B
,
5A
). Ant.III apical sense organ with 2 small sensory rods in cavity plus 3 surrounding guard sensilla (
Fig.5C
). Ant.I with 6 dorsal mac (
Fig.5D
). Prelabral chaetae (4) ciliate, labral chaetotaxy formula with 5 (
p0–2
), 5 (
m0–2
), 4 (
a1–2
) smooth chaetae,
p0–1
longer than others (
Figs1E
,
5H
). Five interocular chaetae present,
p
as mes and
t
,
r
,
q
and
v
as mic (
Figs1D
,
8A
). Dorsal head chaetotaxy as in
Fig.8A
with 12
An
, 4
A
, 4
M
, 7–8
S
, 2
Ps
, 4
Pa
, 3
Pm
and 4
Pp
mac. Labial basolateral and basomedial fields with
M1–2
,
R
,
L1–2
as ciliate chaetae,
a1–5
and
e
as smooth chaetae;
R
chaeta
not reduced (
Fig.6B
). Labial palp with 5 main papillae (A–E) with 0, 5, 0, 4, 4 guard chaetae, respectively; papilla E with lateral process (
l.p.
) finger-shaped, not reaching the papilla base; papilla H with 2 accessory chaetae (
Figs1G
,
6A
); labial papillae with 5 smooth proximal chaetae. Maxillary outer lobe with 1 apical smooth appendage (
a.a.
) and 1 subapical, blunt, finely ciliate chaeta (
b.c.
); sublobal plate with 3 chaeta-like appendages (
Figs1F
,
6F
). Cephalic groove with 9 +9 surrounding mac (
Fig.7A
).
Trunk dorsal chaetotaxy. Th.II with 1
a
(
a5
, excluding anterior collar), 3–4 central
m
(
m4
present or absent) and 8 central
p
main mac (
Fig. 9A
). Th.III with 12 central mac (with unclear homologies) (
Fig.9B
). Abd.I with
3
m
and 1
p
mac,
acc.p6
sensillum present (
Fig. 10A
). Abd.II with
5
m
mac (
Fig.10B
). Abd.III with 1
a
(
a1
),
4
m
and 1
p
mac (
Fig. 11A
). Abd.IV with 29–31 central and 8 lateral mac, all with unclear homologies (
Fig.11B
). Abd.V with 4
a
,
5
m
, 14
p
plus 5 mac with unclear homologies (
Fig.12A
).
Legs. Trochanteral organ with 115–117 spine-like chaetae (
Fig.14A
). Tibiotarsus III with one straight smooth chaeta near unguiculus, tenent hair smooth, longer than unguis, anterior and posterior pretarsal chaetae present (
Figs2A
,
14E
). Ungues with 1 dorsal, 2 paired outer and 4 inner teeth, 2 proximal paired, 1 median and 1 distal; unguiculi lanceolate with outer lamella serrated, with one proximal larger tooth (
Figs2A
,
14E
).
FIGURE 1.
Plumachaetas belae
sp. nov.
general morphology:
A
, habitus;
B
, Ant. IV apical region;
C
, dorsal head;
D
, left eyepatch;
E
, labrum;
F
, maxillary outer lobe (left side);
G
, labial palp (right side); yellow = main papillae.
FIGURE 2.
Plumachaetas belae
sp. nov.
general morphology:
A
, empodial complex I;
B
, ventral tube anterior face;
C
, ventral tube sac papillae; red = ventral tube papillae
D
, ventral tube posterior face;
E
, tenaculum;
F
, dorso-lateral furca;
G
, distal dens and mucro (ventro-internal view);
H
, distal dens and mucro (dorso-internal view).
FIGURE 3.
Plumachaetas
spp. habitus:
A
,
P.belae
sp. nov.
;
B
,
P.loriensis
sp. nov.
;
C
,
P.mamuensis
sp. nov.
;
D
,
P.wanangensis
sp. nov.
FIGURE 4.
Symbols used to chaetotaxy schemes:
A
, pseudopore;
B
, specialised microchaeta (
ms
);
C
, specialised ordinary chaeta (
sens
);
D
, ordinary sensillum of antennal segments;
E
, accessory sensillum of Ant. III apical sense organ;
F
, posterior head spine-like chaetae;
G
, scale;
H
, bothriotrichum;
I
, microchaeta;
J
, mesochaeta;
K
, different shapes of macrochaetae.
Abdominal appendages. Ventral tube anterior face with 8 +8 distal mac (
Figs 2B
,
13A
); posterior face lacking smooth distal chaetae, with several mic and mes of different sizes (
Figs2D
,
13B
); lateral flaps with about 7 smooth and 27 ciliate chaetae (
Fig.13C
); papillae of eversible sacs pointed (
Fig.2C
). Manubrial plate with 2 mac and 2 pseudopores. Manubrium and dens dorsally covered by several chaetae (
Fig.2F
), ventrally scaled; dens lacking modified large distal chaeta (
Figs2
G–H,
14I
). Mucro bidentate (
Figs2
G–H,
14I
).
Etymology.
The new species honours a special person and friend of the first author, Maria
Isabel
Protti Balbi, nicknamed as “Bel”, who helped us finding the specimens.
Distribution and habitat.
The new species was collected in the Lorien Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area located in south eastern
New South Wales
. The vegetation consists of coastal subtropical and wet sclerophyll forest. This new species has only been collected in this one locality but is expected to be widespread in this region and is clearly arboreal as it was collected in a Malaise trap (
Fig.15
).
Remarks.
The new species is similar to
Plumachaetas mamuensis
sp. nov.
,
P.queenslandica
(
Schött, 1917
)
(as redescribed in
Greenslade & Yoshii 2000
) and
P.yoshii
Zhang & Deharveng, 2015
(in:
Zhang & Deharveng, 2015b
) in its moderate number of central mac on Th.II and Abd.I, high number of antero-central mac on Abd.IV and trochanteral organ spines. The new species is distinguished from them by the following combination of characters: dorsal head with
M1–4
(
M
2–4
in
P.mamuensis
sp. nov.
,
M
1–2
,
4
in
P.queenslandica
and only
M
2
in
P.yoshii
)
Ps2,
and
Ps5
as mac (only
Ps
2
in
P.mamuensis
sp. nov.
, and only
Ps
5
in
P.yoshii
); Th.II central region with
3–4
m
and 8
p
mac; Th. III central region with 12 mac; Abd.I with 4 mac; Abd.II with 4 central mac; Abd.III with
a1
(only present in
P.mamuensis
sp. nov.
) and
m3
mac (apparently absent in
P.queenslandica
). The new species also differs in tibiotarsi being distally dark blue (whitish in
P.queenslandica
); labral chaetae
p0–1
enlarged (only
p
1
in
P.mamuensis
sp. nov.
and
p
0–2
in
P.yoshii
); labial chaetae
M1–2
,
R
,
L1–2
ciliate (
M1–2
,
R
,
E
,
L
2
in
P.mamuensis
sp. nov.
,
M1–2
,
R
,
L
2
in
P.queenslandica
and
M1
,
R
,
E
,
L
1–2
in
P.yoshii
); trochanteral organ with about 115 spines; ventral tube anterior distal mac 8+8; ventral tube eversible sacs with pointed papillae (rounded in
P.queenslandica
, unclear in the other two species) and mucro with 2 teeth. Differences between
Plumachaetas
spp. are summarised in
Table1
.