A taxonomic revision of the genus Drassodex Murphy, 2007 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Author
Hervé, Christophe
Author
Roberts, Michael J.
Author
Murphy, John A.
text
Zootaxa
2009
2171
1
28
journal article
10.5281/zenodo.189206
60cbb643-8df2-44b2-b799-b8b1fe7b61a2
1175-5326
189206
Drassodex hypocrita
(
Simon, 1878
)
Figs 2–9
Drassus hypocrita
Simon, 1878
: 120
, pl. 15, fig. 8 (male
syntypes
, examined).
?
Drassus heeri
Bösenberg, 1902
: 291
, 292, 295, fig. 433.
Drassodes hypocrita
Lessert, 1905
: 191
, figs 7–9;
Simon, 1914
: 121
, 132, 207, figs 216–218;
Reimoser, 1919
: 161
;
Reimoser, 1937
: 12, figs 27, 31;
Roewer, 1954
: 387;
Bonnet, 1956
: 1568;
Tyschchenko, 1971
: 95, fig. 169;
Grimm,
1985
:
114
, figs 120,
126
–127;
Heimer & Nentwig, 1991
: 418, fig. 1103;
Roberts, 1998
: 108, figs unnumbered
;
Canard, 2005
: 190.
Drassodex hypocrita
Murphy, 2007
: 41
, 55, figs p. 232–233;
Platnick, 2008
.
Type
material:
Syntypes
:
2 males
from
France
, no specific locality (“
Gallia
”), Simon collection n° 23804 (
MNHN
AR
9438).
Remarks.
Among the tubes labelled
D. hypocrita
by Simon in the MNHN collection, only four, labelled “
D. hypocrita
,
Gallia
” (MNHN AR 9430, AR 9436, AR 9438, AR 9442) potentially contain
type
material of this species; others are dated after 1878 and only cited in 1914 (
Simon 1914
). Regarding the significant number of female specimens, it is difficult to know whether the author used all or only a part of them for the description, mixing later collections with the
type
series. The latter case is more likely, because some specimens collected from other localities (
Simon 1914
) were not found in the MNHN collection, implying that Simon combined material from several localities under the label “
Gallia
”. In consequence, tubes MNHN AR 9430, AR 9436, AR 9442 must be considered as containing a mixture of
type
and non-type material. The two males in tube MNHN AR 9438 are probably both
syntypes
: in a letter addressed to Simon dated
June 3, 1905
, Kulczynski wrote concerning
D. hypocrita
that ʽit is a little surprising that you possess a great quantity of females and two males only’.
Other material examined.
FRANCE
. No specific locality:
169 Ƥ, “
Gallia
”, Simon collection n° 24937 (
MNHN
AR
9430); 5 Ƥ, “
Gallia
”, “pattes postérieures anormales, épines supplémentaires”, Simon collection n° 23827 (
MNHN
AR
9436); 10 Ƥ, “
Gallia
”, “pattes antérieures anormales, épines supplémentaires”, Simon collection n° 23829 (
MNHN
AR
9442); 14 Ƥ, “
France
”, Dalmas collection n° M68 (
MNHN
AR
9441).
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
:
1 Ƥ, Entrevennes, Haut Vaudonnier,
659 m
, pitfall trap,
March 31 to Apr. 16, 1999
, J.-F. Cornic, Cornic collection.
Alpes-Maritimes
:
11 Ƥ and 4 3, Dalmas collection n° M68bis (
MNHN
AR
9424); 1 Ƥ, Menton (
MNHN
AR
9429); 1 Ƥ, La Bollène-Vésubie, Malagratta, about
800 m
,
Aug. 17, 2006
, C. Rollard (
MNHN
); 1 Ƥ, Saorge, Vallon d’Abième, about
700 m
,
Aug. 19, 2006
, C. Rollard (
MNHN
).
Bouches-du-Rhône
:
6 Ƥ and 1 3, Forêt de Vitrolles,
Nov. 1913
, La Bonde, “tibias ant. biaculeatis”, E. Simon, Simon collection (
MNHN
AR
9437); 1 Ƥ, Bois de Carry, 1913, “prolifération à gauche”, Simon collection n° 25181 (
MNHN
AR
9440); 1 3, Petite Camargue,
Oct. 17, 1989
, P. Poot, Bosmans collection.
Va uc lu s e
:
1 Ƥ, Avignon, La Durance, 1913, “prolifération interne et externe”, E. Simon, Simon collection (
MNHN
AR
9428); 1 3, Oct. 0 3 to
17, 1 3
,
Aug. 23
to Sept. 0 6, Bonnieux, La Garenne,
434 m
, pitfall trap, J.- F. Cornic, Cornic collection; 1 3, Auribeau, Les Estruguets,
990 m
, pitfall trap, Oct. 0 5 to 19, 2001, J.-F. Cornic, Cornic collection; 1 Ƥ, Auribeau, Vallon La Fayette,
1008 m
, May 0 7, 2002, J.-F. Cornic, Cornic collection; 1 Ƥ, Caumont-sur-Durance,
72 m
, pitfall trap,
May 11 to 20, 2004
, J.-F. Cornic, Cornic collection; 1 3, Grambois, Les Trois Oliviers,
507 m
, pitfall trap, Oct. 0 6 to 28, 2003, J.-F. Cornic, Cornic collection; 1 3, Lauris, bord de Durance,
136 m
, pitfall trap, Oct. 0 6 to 28, 2003, J.-F. Cornic, Cornic collection.
Va r
:
10 Ƥ and 2 3, Agay,
Mar. 1917
and Callian, 1924, L. Berland, Berland collection (
MNHN
AR
9435); 1 Ƥ, Agay,
Mar. 1917
, L. Berland, Berland collection (
MNHN
AR
9214); 1 Ƥ, Callian, L. Berland, Berland collection (
MNHN
AR
9244).
Hérault
:
1 Ƥ, Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert,
Apr. 1909
, L. Berland, Berland collection (
MNHN
AR
9443).
Diagnosis.
D. hypocrita
can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: the shape of the superior prong of the RTA, abruptly rising from the tibia and then straight to the narrowed tip (
Figs 5, 9
), the long and styliform tip of the coil (
Figs 4–5, 8–9
), the huge basal tubercle of the terminal apophysis projecting forward (
Figs 8–9
), the finger-shaped membranous coils and the singular shape of the distal part of the coiled ducts (
Figs 3, 7
), often easily visible through the abdominal tegument (
Fig. 6
).
Description.
Male dimensions (
syntype
): total length 8.90. Carapace 3.90 long, 2.82 wide. Leg I: femur 3.21, patella 1.74, tibia 2.94, metatarsus 2.49, tarsus 1.57, total 11.95. Leg II: femur 2.76, patella 1.57, tibia 2.23, metatarsus 1.96, tarsus 1.32, total 9.84. Leg III: femur 2.43, patella 1.32, tibia 1.72, metatarsus 1.76, tarsus 1.13, total 8.36. Leg IV: femur 3.15, patella 1.55, tibia 2.61, metatarsus 2.66, tarsus 1.32, total 11.29. Leg spination: femora: I d1-1-0; III r0-1(0)-1; tibiae: I v0-1p-0; IV
v1
p(2)-2-2; metatarsi: III, IV p0-2-2, r0-2- 2. RTA bifid, superior prong abruptly rising from the tibia and then straight to the end, inferior prong large and blunt (
Figs 5, 9
); median apophysis pointing inwards; embolar coil looped around twice, spiralling upwards along two axes, with a long and curved terminal apophysis, a strong tubercle emerging from its base (
Figs 5, 9
); tip of the coil long and styliform, easily visible in ventral view (
Figs 4, 8
).
Female dimensions (min.–max. MNHN AR 9441): total length 8.09–12.36. Carapace 4.14–5.38 long, 3.14–4.19 wide. Leg I: femur 3.07–3.90, patella 1.74–2.28, tibia 2.52–3.23, metatarsus 2.32–2.92, tarsus 1.52–1.90, total 11.17–14.23. Leg II: femur 2.80–3.64, patella 1.62–2.09, tibia 2.29–2.85, metatarsus 2.11–2.60, tarsus 1.40–1.67, total 10.22–12.85. Leg III: femur 2.60–3.28, patella 1.43–1.79, tibia 1.86–2.29, metatarsus 1.91–2.32, tarsus 1.24–1.49, total 9.04–11.17. Leg IV: femur 3.62–4.34, patella 1.67–2.10, tibia 3.02–3.56, metatarsus 3.07–3.69, tarsus 1.43–1.74, total 12.81–15.43. Leg spination: femora: I d1-1-0; III r0- 1(0)-1; tibiae: I, II v0-1p(2)-0; IV
v1
p-2-2; metatarsi: III, IV p0-2-2, r0-2-2. Atrium small, subpentagonal in ventral view (
Fig. 6
) or transverse oval when viewed from behind (
Fig. 2
), often very much wider than high (0.37–0.52 wide, 0.23–0.32 high, ratio 1.37–1.91); lateral margins converging anteriorly, to a small triangular tongue not projecting posteriorly (
Figs 2, 6
); copulatory openings large and slightly separated; coiled ducts looped around twice and following outer contour of finger-shaped membranous coils (
Figs 3, 7
).
Distribution.
France
,
Switzerland
,
Germany
,
Belgium
,
Netherlands
, West
Russia
.