The immatures of lauxaniid flies (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) and their taxonomical implications Author Semelbauer, Marek Author Kozánek, Milan text Zootaxa 2014 3780 3 401 454 journal article 46152 10.11646/zootaxa.3780.3.1 8ddba94b-1b02-4e1a-b2f8-ca84190d4b7c 1175-5326 250880 170F4E3F-847E-48F7-AF68-AA0E4BC7936A Homoneura biumbrata (Loew 1873) Living larvae only moderately dorsoventrally flattened, the distal parts of Malpighian tubules expanded. Egg ( Figs 3–5 ). Length 0.77–0.79 mm . Scaphoid from lateral view, dorsal side with 4–5 marked ridges, ventral side with ridges suppressed but more numerous. The chorion perforated. Posterior tubercle prominent and asymmetrical from lateral view. First instar ( Figs 39, 40 ). Length 1.60–1.83 mm . Medially to the mouth hooks flat rounded outgrowths present. The peristomal cirri rather stout. The ventral organ flatwith three digitiform outgrowths. Cephaloskeleton ( Fig. 163 ). Length 021– 0.25 mm . The mouth hooks with three strong apical teeth; basal part sclerotised, the dental sclerites indistinguishable. Second instar ( Figs 41 ). Length 1.89–3.27 mm . Facial mask relatively narrow (12 scraping cirri per row). The peristomal cirri rather stout and few in numbers. The lateral of abdominal segments covered by bumps. Cephaloskeleton ( Fig. 178 ). Length 0.35–0.38 mm . Mouth hooks converging, 2 apical teeth. Intermediate sclerite strong, ventral bridge narrow. Epistomal sclerite shorter than broad, posterior hyaline plate with two symmetric lobes. Ligulate sclerites stalked, converging. Subhypostomal sclerites converging. Dorsal bridge semilunar. Dorsal cornua broader than ventral cornua from lateral view; distal third of ventral cornua hyaline. Cibarium hyaline. Third instar ( Figs 42–44 ). Length 3.57–4.05 mm . The facial mask relatively narrow (8–15 scraping cirri per row). The scraping cirri in anterior rows either bifid or trifid. The peristomal cirri stout and few in number. Labial lobe large and broad. The first thoracic segment with broad dorsal belt of comb spines. The second and third thoracic segment with narrow belt of comb spines and laterally with bumps. The anterior spiracles fan-shaped with 5 papillae. The processes of anal division poorly yet clearly developed. The posterior spiracles on stout short sprouts, the peristigmatic tufts small and simple. Cephaloskeleton ( Fig. 193 ). Length 0.59 mm (n=1). Mouth hooks converging. Intermediate sclerite robustly built, ventral bridge narrow. Epistomal sclerite narrow with posterior hyaline process. Ligulate sclerites as converging vertical plates. Subhypostomal sclerite as converging arms. Rami and parastomal bars rather thick. Dorsal bridge semilunar. Dorsal cornua broader than ventral ones. Distal third of ventral cornua hyaline. Cibarium hyaline.