The immatures of lauxaniid flies (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) and their taxonomical implications Author Semelbauer, Marek Author Kozánek, Milan text Zootaxa 2014 3780 3 401 454 journal article 46152 10.11646/zootaxa.3780.3.1 8ddba94b-1b02-4e1a-b2f8-ca84190d4b7c 1175-5326 250880 170F4E3F-847E-48F7-AF68-AA0E4BC7936A Homoneura limnea (Becker 1895) Living larvae moderately dorsoventrally flattened, the distal parts of Malpighian tubules expanded. Egg ( Figs 6–8 ). Length 0.65–0.78 mm . Ridges prominent, not fusing, edge of the ridges can bear irregular denticles. The posterior pole with prominent tubercle. Chorion tuberculous, with fine rectangular net laid over, the transversal septa very dense. First instar ( Figs 45–48 ). Length 0.95–1.15 mm . The ventral organ with two simple digitiform projections. The first thoracic segment with broad band of comb spines anterodorsally, second one completely smooth, third one with narrow band of comb spines both dorsally and ventrally. Dorsal creeping welts of the first abdominal segments with comb spines, towards the posterior end successively changing into simple spines. Processes of the anal division slightly indicated. Cephaloskeleton ( Fig. 164 ). Length 0.25–0.26 mm . Mouth hooks with 4–5 teeth, stalked part hyaline and widely separated. Labrum with three distinct corners from the dorsal view. Second instar ( Fig. 49 ). Length 1.25–3.26 mm . The characters of external morphology similar to previous species. Cephaloskeleton ( Fig. 179 ). Length 0.33–0.38 mm . The mouth hooks converging, with 2–3 apical teeth. Ventral bridge narrow. Epistomal sclerite shorter than broad, with posterior hyaline plate. Ligulate sclerites as vertical converging plates. Subhypostomal sclerite as arched bars with anterior swelling. Dorsal bridge longer than broad. Ventral cornua with posterior third hyaline. Third instar ( Figs 50–58 ). Length 3.05–6.12 mm . The facial mask very similar to previous species, as well as the pattern of spinulation on body segments. The anterior spiracles fan-shaped with 7 papillae. FIGURES 39–44. Homoneura biumbrata , first (39, 40), second (41) and third (42–44) instars. 39. Cephalic segment. 40. Detail of the ventral organ, lateral view. 41. Cephalic segment, ventral view. 42. Cephalic segment, ventral view. 43. Abdominal segments, lateral view. 44. Detail of the integument of abdominal segment. A, antenna; A3–A5, third to fifth abdominal segments; LL, labial lobe; MH, mouth hooks, PC, peristomal cirri; SC, scraping cirri, SC1, first row of scraping cirri; VO, ventral organ. FIGURES 45–48. Homoneura limnea , first instar. 45. Cephalic segment, ventral view. 46. Detail of ventral organ, anterior view. 47. Cephalic and first two thoracic segments, lateral view. 48. Anal division and last abdominal segment, lateral view. A, antenna; A3–A5, third to fifth abdominal segments; LL, labial lobe; MH, mouth hook, PC, peristomal cirri; PS, posterior spiracles; SC, scraping cirri, SC1, first row of scraping cirri; T1–T2, first to second thoracic segments; VO, ventral organ. Cephaloskeleton ( Fig. 194 ). Length 0.65–0.71 mm . The mouth hooks converging. The ventral bridge of intermediate sclerite narrow. The epistomal sclerite shorter than broad with posterior hyaline plate. Ligulate sclerites as converging vertical plates. Subhypostomal sclerite parallel with almost opposite tips. Dorsal bridge longer than broad, anteriorly rounded. The posterior third of ventral cornua hyaline, but the dorsal edge slightly sclerotised.