A systematic revision of the asterinid genus Aquilonastra O Loughlin, 2004 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)
Author
O, P. Mark
text
Memoirs of Museum Victoria
2006
63
2
257
287
journal article
1447-2554
Aquilonastra anomala
(H.L.
Clark, 1921
)
Figures 1
,
2a
,
7a
Asterina anomala
H.L.
Clark, 1921: 95–96
, pl. 7 fig. 8, pl. 23 fig. 5, pl. 26 figs 2, 3.—H.L.
Clark, 1938: 143–144
.—H.L.
Clark, 1946: 133–134
.—A.M.
Clark and Rowe, 1971: 68
, fig.
17g
, tbl. 1.—
Marsh, 1974: 92
.—
Marsh, 1977: 270–271
, fig. 7, tbl. 2.—
Oguro, 1983: 222– 224
, figs 5, 6, 12, 13.—A.M.
Clark, 1993: 207
.—
Rowe and Gates, 1995: 33–34
.—
Waters et al., 2004: 874
, 876, 877, tbl. 1, figs 1, 2.
Aquilonastra anomala
.—OʼLoughlin and Waters, 2004: 11, 13– 15, fig. 1.
Material examined
.
N
Australia
,
Torres Strait
,
Darnley
I.,
30 Apr 1977
,
WAM
Z6849
(2)
;
Kimberley
,
17 Jul 1988
, Z6843 (1)
;
Papua New Guinea
,
Bismark Archipelago
,
1–34 m
,
29 Jun 2003
,
UF 2283
(1)
;
15–22 m
,
26 Jun 2003
,
UF 2217
(1)
;
West New Britain
,
3–37 m
,
17 Jun 2003
,
UF 2270
(1)
;
Christmas I.
,
13 Feb 1987
, Z6851 (1);
Lord Howe
I.,
AM
J6169
(21)
;
15 Feb 1979
, J16574 (2); H.L.
Clark
,
Apr 1932
,
NMV
F95593
(6)
;
20 May 2003
, F97690 (6);
15 Mar 2002
, F96699 (1); Solomon Is.
4–6 m
,
20 Jun 2004
, F94607 (1);
3–5 m
,
26 Jun 2004
, F94616 (3); Caroline Is. Z6845 (2);
Palau
,
26 Jul 1999
,
UF 1740
(3)
;
Samoa
, F96698 (2).
Diagnosis
. Fissiparous
Aquilonastra
species
; up to 8 rays, predominantly 7, broad basally, rounded distally; up to R = 12.5 mm (H.L.
Clark, 1938
); pedicellariae with differentiated conical valves larger than spinelets sometimes present in proximal interradial angle; up to 4 inconspicuous madreporites seen; abactinal gonopores present.
At R =
8 mm
, r =
4 mm
, lacking carinal series of plates, upper rays with 2 irregularly arranged longitudinal series of singly papulate plates; plates domed, angled over papulae more than notched; single papula per plate, rarely 2; some secondary plates intergrade with primary plates; spinelets long, thin conical pointed to prominently splay-pointed sacciform, up to about 20 spinelets over projecting surface of each proximal abactinal plate, predominantly in transverse double band, rare clustering of spinelets; distal interradial plates with up to about 6 sacciform splay-pointed spinelets; superomarginal and inferomarginal plates subequal; superomarginal plates each with up to about 8 spinelets, inferomarginal plates each with up to about 16 slightly larger spinelets, marginal spinelets long, splay-pointed sacciform.
Spines per actinal plate up to: oral 7, suboral 5, furrow 6, subambulacral 5, actinal interradial 7 (variable, predominantly 3–4); interradial spines glassy, thin, conical, pointed, spinous, in transverse series or tufts on plates.
Colour (live)
. “Green, prettily variegated with white and rusky, with traces of red and yellow along the margins” (H.L.
Clark, 1921
); “green is common as a tinge, if not as a ground colour, and orange and brown are very generally evident; white blotches or markings may occur” (H.L.
Clark, 1946
); brown with reddish tinge apically, green tinge radially, white interradially, some orange marginally (photo by G. Paulay).
Distribution
. N and NE
Australia
;
Papua New Guinea
; Lord Howe I.; Solomon Is.; Caroline Is.,
Palau
; Marshall Is.;
Fiji
;
Tonga
;
Samoa
; Cook Is.;
0–37 m
(
Marsh, 1974
; A.M.
Clark, 1993
; this work).
Remarks
. A distinguishing character for the fissiparous
A. anomala
is the relatively long, frequently splay-pointed, abactinal spinelets. Green is commonly present in the mottled live colours.