Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata) Author Kim, Il-Hoi 0000-0002-7332-0043 Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., 802 - ho, 302 - dong, 397 Seokcheon-ro, Ojeong-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14449, Republic of Korea ® ihkim @ gwnu. ac. kr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7332 - 0043 ihkim@gwnu.ac.kr Author Boxshall, Geoff A. 0000-0002-7332-0043 Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., 802 - ho, 302 - dong, 397 Seokcheon-ro, Ojeong-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14449, Republic of Korea ® ihkim @ gwnu. ac. kr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7332 - 0043 ihkim@gwnu.ac.kr text Megataxa 2020 2020-12-24 4 1 1 6 http://zoobank.org/3fdd970e-62f1-4f67-8cce-10870bdb3c01 journal article 54097 10.11646/megataxa.4.1.1 7c9bc39d-9910-46f1-9558-c0647b9cbbdb 2703-3090 4591138 Periproctia latirostris sp. nov. ( Figs. 131 , 132 ) Typematerial . Holotype (intact ♀ , MNHN-IU-2014- 21261 ) , paratype (intact ♀ , MNHN-IU-2014-21262), anddissectedparatype ( ♀ , figured) from Polysyncraton lacazei (Giard, 1872) (MNHN-IT-2008-7096 = MNHN A2/ POL /8), Portugal , Saldania coll. TABLE 3. Appendage setation patterns inspecies of Periproctia . Abbreviations: CR, caudal ramus; cl, claw; Mnd, mandible; Mxp, maxilliped; P1-4, legs 1-4; set, setae; enp endopod; exp exopod.
Species CR Mnd Mxp P1 exp P1 enp P2 enp P3 exp P3 enp P4 exp P4 enp
cl,set enp
P. arcuata - - - 2-2-7 0-6 - - - 2-2-8 1-6 1-5
2-2-6
P. biuncata II,4 2-5 6+1 2-1-7 0-5 1-6 2-2-8 1-6 1-1-8 0-4
P. falsiarcuata III,3 2-5 8+2 2-1-7 0-6 1-8 2-1-8 1-8 2-1-8 0-6
P. triuncata III,3 2-5 7+1 2-2-7 0-5 1-8 2-1-8 1-8 2-1-8 0-6
P. stocki sp.nov . IV,2 2-6 8+2 2-2-7 0-6 1-8 2-2-8 1-8 2-2-8 1-7
P. acutirostris sp. nov. III,3 2-5 8+2 2-2-7 0-1-5 1-2-5 2-2-8 1-2-6 2-2-8 1-2-5
P. latirostris sp. nov. III,3 2-5 8+2 2-2-7 0-6 1-8 2-2-8 1-8 2-2-8 1-7
P. bisetigera sp. nov. II,4 2-5 8+2 1-2-7 0-5 0-8 2-2-8 1-8 2-2-8 1-7
P. spissa sp. nov . III,3 2-6 8+1 2-2-7 0-6 1-8 2-2-8 1-8 2-2-8 1-7
P. angusta sp. nov. III,3 2-6 8+2 2-2-6 0-6 1-8 2-2-8 1-8 2-2-8 1-7
P. obtusa sp. nov . III,3 2-5 8+1 2-2-7 0-1-5 1-8 2-2-8 1-8 2-2-8 1-7
P. longirostris sp. nov. III,3 2-6 8+2 2-2-7 0-6 1-8 2-1-8 1-8 1-1-8 0-6
P. biunguifera sp. nov. II,4 2-6 6+2 1-2-7 0-6 1-8 2-2-8 1-8 2-2-8 1-6
P. spinata sp. nov . III,3 2-5 8+1 2-1-7 0-6 1-8 2-2-8 1-8 1-2-8 0-5
P. horrida sp. nov . II,4 2-5 8+1 2-2-7 0-6 1-8 2-2-8 1-8 2-1-8 0-6
P. onchopodata sp. nov. III,3 2-5 8+2 1-2-7 0-6 1-8 1-1-8 0-7 1-1-8 0-5
P. hexachaeta sp. nov. III,3 2-5 5+1 2-2-7 0-6 1-8 2-1-8 1-8 2-1-8 0-7
P. laticaudata sp. nov. III,3 2-5 7+1 1-2-7 0-6 1-8 2-1-8 1-8 2-1-8 0-6
P. spinifera sp. nov. III,3 2-5 4+1 2-2-7 0-6 1-8 2-2-8 1-8 2-2-8 0-4
P. robusta sp. nov. II,4 2-5 8+1 1-2-6 0-5 0-4 1-1-4 0-4 1-1-5 0-3
FIGURE 131 . Periproctia latirostris sp. nov. , female. A, habitus, right; B, urosome, ventral; C, caudal ramus; D, rostrum; E, antennule; F, antenna; G, mandible; H, maxillule; I, maxilla. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm; C-I, 0.02 mm. FIGURE 132 . Periproctia latirostris sp. nov. , female. A, maxilliped; B, leg 1; C, leg 2; D, leg 3; E, leg 4. Scale bars: 0.02 mm. Etymology . The specific name is a combination of the Latin lati (=broad) and rostrum (=snout), alluding to the broad rostrum of the new species. Descriptionoffemale . Body ( Fig. 131A ) stout, 836 μm long. Dorsoventral depth 282 μm at middle of prosome. Pedigerous somites fused, but with weakly expressed dorsal tergites on second to fourth somites. Free urosome ( Fig. 131B ) about 0.35 times as long as prosome, 5-segmented, narrowingposteriorly: genital and 4 abdominalsomites 54×135, 52×101, 46×86, and 43×56 μm, respectively. First to third abdominal somites ornamented with rows of minute spinules on ventral surface. Anal somite highly sclerotized, surface smooth, without spinules. Caudalramus ( Fig. 131C ) about 1.6 times longer than wide (30×19 μm), armed with 3 claws (2 robust and 1 slender) and 3 naked setae; lengths of claws 24, 17, and 15 μm; lengths of setae 44, 29, and 29 μm. Rostrum ( Fig. 131D ) widerthan long, 40×51 μm, tapering steeply towards small, beak-like apical process. Antennule ( Fig. 131E ) 120 μm long and 7-segmented; armatureformula 2, 14 (or 6, 10), 8+aesthetasc, 4+aesthetasc, 1, 4+aesthetasc, and 7+aesthetasc; articulation indistinct between terminal 2 segments; all setae naked. Antenna ( Fig. 131F ) moderately slender, 4-segmented; coxashortand unarmed; basiswith 1 large, pinnate seta (representing exopod) at outer distal corner; first endopodal segment with 1 naked seta on inner margin; compound distal endopodal segment about 3.6 timeslongerthan wide (65×18 μm), bearing 7 setae (including 1 pinnate seta and 5 blunt tipped setae) plus small terminal claw, one-third as long as segment. Labrum missing. Mandible ( Fig. 131G ) with 5 teeth and 1 seta on coxal gnathobase; basis with 1 seta on medial margin; exopodwith 5 subequal setae; endopod indistinctly 2-segmented with 2 and 5 setae on first and second segments, respectively. Maxillule ( Fig. 131H ) with 7 setae on arthrite of precoxa, 1 on coxal endite, 2 on epipodite, 3 on basis, 3 onexopodand 4 on endopod. Maxilla ( Fig. 131I ) 5-segmented; syncoxawith 9 setae (arranged 3, 1, 2, and 3), 2 on basis, and 1, 1, and 3 on first to third endopodal segments, respectively. Maxilliped ( Fig. 132A ) unsegmented, armed with 8 medial and 2 apical setae. Legs 1–4 ( Fig. 132 B-E) each with 3-segmented exopod and 2-segmented endopod. Inner coxal seta absent in legs 1–4. Outer setaon basis large, longerthan exopod in leg 1, but small in legs 2–4. Exopod longer than endopod in legs 1 and 4, but rami similar in length in legs 2 and 3. Outer setae on exopods of legs 2–4 rod-shaped with blunt tip. Inner seta on second exopodal segment of legs 3 and 4 small. Armature formula for legs 1–4 as follows:
Coxa Basis Exopod Endopod
Leg 1 0-0 1-I I-1; I-1; II, I, 4 0-0; 1, 2, 3
Leg 2 0-0 1-0 1-1; 1-1; 3, 1, 5 0-1; 1, 2, 5
Leg 3 0-0 1-0 1-1; 1-1; 2, 1, 5 0-1; 1, 2, 5
Leg 4 0-0 1-0 1-1; 1-1; 2, 1, 5 0-1; 1, 2, 4
Leg 5 ( Fig. 132B ) small, consistingof protopod tipped with 1 seta and conical exopod tipped with apical seta; exopodal segment not articulated from protopod. Male . Unknown. Remarks . In having an inner seta present on the second exopodal segment of leg 4 P. latirostris sp. nov. is similarto P . stocki sp. nov . and P . acutirostris sp. nov . , among the described species. However, these two species are easytodistinguishfrom P . latirostris sp. nov . : P . stocki sp. nov . has 4 claws and 2 setae on the caudal ramus, comparedto 3 + 3 in P. latirostris sp. nov . ( Table 3 ), and P . acutirostris sp. nov . has 3-segmented endopods in legs 1–4 (vs. 2-segmented endopods). The broad rostrum of P . latirostris sp. nov . is also a characteristic feature serving to differentiate it from its congeners.