The millipede genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with a key and descriptions of eight new species from Indochina Author Likhitrakarn, Natdanai 442E2E6E-1CB3-47B2-9896-1A922CE509E1 Division of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand. & Email: kongerrrr @ hotmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 442 E 2 E 6 E- 1 CB 3 - 47 B 2 - 9896 - 1 A 922 CE 509 E 1 kongerrrr@hotmail.com Author Golovatch, Sergei I. 71532F45-BDD5-415D-BC54-86256E5D5D4A Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. & Corresponding author: sgolovatch @ yandex. ru & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 71532 F 45 - BDD 5 - 415 D-BC 54 - 86256 E 5 D 5 D 4 A & Corresponding author: sgolovatch @ yandex. ru & Corresponding author: somsak. pan @ chula. ac. th sgolovatch@yandex.ru&sgolovatch@yandex.ru&somsak.pan@chula.ac.th Author Panha, Somsak AC935098-D901-4F35-A414-4B0D4FE44E79 Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. & Corresponding author: somsak. pan @ chula. ac. th & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: AC 935098 - D 901 - 4 F 35 - A 414 - 4 B 0 D 4 FE 44 E 79 & Corresponding author: sgolovatch @ yandex. ru & Corresponding author: somsak. pan @ chula. ac. th somsak.pan@chula.ac.th&sgolovatch@yandex.ru&somsak.pan@chula.ac.th text European Journal of Taxonomy 2016 2016-05-10 195 1 47 journal article 21966 10.5852/ejt.2016.195 39071d6f-d900-4c81-ace1-dd03875018c5 2118-9773 3837846 4EEA9AD1-5762-4A93-A189-CF185F64CBAF Tylopus moniliformis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A510843C-08CC-4818-A45F-E35AFDE80E71 Figs 7–9 , 26 Diagnosis Differs from all known congeners by the almost missing paraterga, much like in T. hongkhraiensis sp. nov. , coupled with the gonopod structure being similar to that of T. reductus Golovatch, 2013 , but it differs in the solenophore being more strongly twisted and thicker. Etymology To emphasize the body being strongly bead-shaped, or moniliform; adjective. Material examined Holotype LAOS : Ƌ, Tad Fane Waterfall , Paksong , Champasak , 15°10'50" N , 106°08'20" E , ca 970 m a.s.l. , 20 Jul. 2013 , leg. S. Panha , C. Sutcharit, W . Siriwut ( CUMZ ). Paratypes LAOS : 2 ƋƋ, 8 ♀♀ ( CUMZ ); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ ( ZMUM ρ3061); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ ( ZMUC ); 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀ ( NHMW ), all same data as for holotype . Description MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Length 14–16 (Ƌ) or 16–18 mm ( ♀ ), width of midbody pro- and metazonae 0.6–0.9 and 0.9–1.1 mm (Ƌ) or 0.9–1.2 and 1.2–1.3 mm ( ♀ ), respectively. Coloration of live animals dark castaneous brown ( Fig. 7A ); legs light brown, venter and a few basal podomeres light brown to yellow-brown. Coloration of alcohol material after three months of preservation faded to light brown; antennae and epiproct light brown to pallid, venter and a few basal podomeres light brown to pallid ( Fig. 7 B–J). Fig. 7. Tylopus moniliformis sp. nov. , holotype, Ƌ ( B–J ), paratypes, Ƌ, ♀ ( A ). A . Habitus, live coloration. B–C . Anterior part of body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. D–E . Segments 10 and 11, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. F–H . Posterior part of body, subdorsal, ventral and sublateral views, respectively. I–J . Sternal cones between coxae 4, subcaudal and sublateral views, respectively. Abbreviations are explained in the text. HEAD. Clypeolabral region and vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae moderately long ( Fig. 7A ), surpassing body segment 5 (Ƌ) or reaching body segment 4 ( ♀ ) when stretched dorsally. In width, head <segment 4 <2 = 3 <collum <segment 5 <6–17 (Ƌ, ♀ ); thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of setae: 5+5 anterior, 2+2 intermediate and 1+1 posterior; a very faint marginal incision laterally in posterior 1/3; caudal corner very narrowly rounded, not surpassing rear tergal margin ( Fig. 7B – C ). BODY. Tegument smooth and shining, prozonae very finely shagreened, metaterga almost smooth, delicately rugulose, leathery ( Fig. 7 B–F, H). Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of setae: 2+2 anterior, always abraded, and 1+1 posterior row, setae traceable at least as insertion points. Tergal setae simple, strong, slender, about 1/3 of metatergal length. Axial line visible, but barely traceable on prozonae (Ƌ). Paraterga 2 well-developed ( Fig. 7B, C ), horizontal, anterior edges protruded anteriorly, fore corner bent ventrad, pointed; lateral edge with two minute incisions in anterior half; caudal corner very narrowly rounded. Paraterga 3 and 4 rounded, expanded laterally, with two minute incisions only in segment 3. Following paraterga virtually missing (Ƌ) or traceable as small, rounded, laterally expanded bulges ( ♀ ), in pore-bearing segments with ozopores set at about half of midbody height. Ozopores ( Op ) evident ( Fig. 7E ), lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/3 of metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga. Transverse sulcus usually distinct ( Fig. 7 B–F, H), slightly incomplete on segment 3, complete on segments 4–18 (Ƌ) or complete on segments 5–18 ( ♀ ), always incomplete on segment 19 (Ƌ, ♀ ), narrow, not reaching bases of paraterga, at most faintly beaded at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazonae wide, evidently ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga ( Fig. 7 B– F, H). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2 and 3, reduced and remaining a sharp caudal tooth on segment 4, thereafter missing (Ƌ) ( Fig. 7C ), or thereafter increasingly reduced and remaining a front bulge until segment 18 ( ♀ ). Epiproct ( Fig. 7 F–H) rather short, flattened dorsoventrally, tip subtruncate, subapical lateral papillae small, but visible, lying close to tip. Hypoproct roundly subtriangular, setigerous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident. Fig. 8. Tylopus moniliformis sp. nov. , paratype, Ƌ, left gonopod. A–B . Mesal and lateral views, respectively. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations are explained in the text. STERNA. Moderately setose, without modifications; an entire, high, inverted funnel-shaped, sternal lobe each between Ƌ coxae 3 and 4 ( Fig. 7I – J ), lobe being larger between coxae 4. A paramedian pair of evident tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs very long and slender, slightly incrassate Fig. 9. Tylopus moniliformis sp. nov. , holotype, Ƌ, left gonopod. A–B . Lateral and mesal views, respectively. C–F . Distal part, lateral, mesal, subcaudal and suboral views, respectively. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. in Ƌ, midbody ones ca 1.5–1.8 (Ƌ) or 1.1–1.4 times ( ♀ ) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, Ƌ tarsal brushes absent. GONOPOD. Very simple ( Figs 8 , 9 ); fermorite straight and rather stout, slightly expanded distad, showing a distinct mesal groove, without outgrowths except for a low, sometimes poorly delimited lobe l ; solenophore ( sph ) expanded and flattened, typically coiled, suberect distally, devoid of processes. Remarks This species shows the gonopod with lobe l separated from the femorite by a rather indistinct sulcus, the presence of the latter lobe being one of the main characteristics of Tylopus . Since this locality also yielded the holotype of Desmoxytes rhinoceros Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2014 (cf. Likhitrakarn et al . 2014b ), Tad Fane Waterfall becomes a site quite important for nature conservation, being the type locality of these two millipede species.