Prevalence of Spiroplasma and interaction with wild Glossina tachinoides microbiota Author Moyaba, Percy Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria & Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), Author Ouedraogo, Gisele Ms Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), Author Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla Insectarium de Bobo Dioulasso - Campagne d’Eradication de la mouche tsetse et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT), & University of Dedougou, B. P. 176, Dédougou 01, Burkina Faso Author Njokou, Flobert Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Po. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon Author Freitas, Ngambia Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Po. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon & Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria Author Vreysen, Marc Jb Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria Author Abd-Alla, Adly Mm Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO / IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400 Vienna, Austria text Parasite 2023 Paris, France 2023-12-19 30 62 1 14 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023064 journal article 10.1051/parasite/2023064 1776-1042 PMC10732139 38117272 12628828 Co-infection and the density of Spiroplasma , Trypanosoma , and Wigglesworthia The density of Spiroplasma , Trypanosoma , and Wigglesworthia was evaluated using relative qPCR based on the single (Sp + / T — ; Sp — / T + ) and double co-infection (Sp + / T + ) status. As expected, the results showed that flies infected with Spiroplasma (Sp + / T — and Sp + / T + ) had a significantly higher density of Spiroplasma compared to those not infected (Sp — / T + ), which indicated that flies classified as uninfected by conventional PCR showed lower infection rates with qPCR. However, there was no significant difference in the density of Spiroplasma between flies infected with Spiroplasma and not infected with Trypanosoma (Sp + / T — ) and those infected with both (Sp + / T + ) ( Fig. 5A ). Furthermore, flies with double co-infection (Sp + / T + ) had a significantly higher density of trypanosomes than those with single co-infection (Sp + / T — and Sp — / T + ) ( Fig. 5B ). However, no significant difference was found in the density of Wigglesworthia in the three categories of co-infection ( Fig. 5C ).