A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts
Author
Suzuki, Noritoshi
Author
Caulet, Jean-Pierre
Author
Dumitrica, Paulian
text
Geodiversitas
2021
2021-07-08
43
15
405
573
journal article
5275
10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a15
a8353504-9387-42cf-8d81-8ecacbe9bd90
1638-9395
5101757
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DC259A19-9B35-4B33-AD9F-44F4E1DA9983
Family
PHACODISCIDAE
Haeckel, 1882
Phacodiscida
Haeckel, 1882: 456
[as a subfamily]; 1887: 409, 419-421 [as a family]. —
Bütschli 1889: 1958
[as a family]. —
nec
Rüst 1892: 165
[as a family]. —
Schröder 1909: 3
[as a family]. — Anderson 1983: 24 [as a family].
Phacodisciden –
Haecker 1907: 123
.
Phacodiscidae
–
Haecker 1908: 444
. —
Popofsky 1912: 126
. —
Clark & Campbell 1942: 38
;
1945: 20
. —
Campbell & Clark 1944b: 14
. —
Campbell 1954
: D78. —
Orlev 1959: 443
. —
Chediya 1959: 124
. —
Riedel 1967b: 294
; 1971: 653. —
Nigrini 1974: 1065
. —
Nakaseko
et al.
1975: 169
. —
Nakaseko & Sugano 1976: 125
. —
Tan & Tchang 1976: 241
. —
Riedel & Sanfilippo 1977: 864
. —
Dumitrica 1979: 21
. —
Kozur & Mostler 1979: 35
(
sensu
emend.
). —
Tan & Su 1982: 151
. — Anderson 1983: 38. —
Takahashi 1991: 89
. —
Chen & Tan 1996: 151
. —
Hollis 1997: 40
. —
Boltovskoy 1998: 31
. —
Tan 1998: 203
. —
Tan & Chen 1999: 204
. —
Anderson
et al.
2002: 1002
.
Phacodiscinae –
Campbell 1954
: D78. —
Petrushevskaya & Kozlova 1972: 522
. —
Dumitrica 1984: 96-97
.
TYPE
GENUS. —
Phacodiscus
Haeckel, 1882: 457
[
type
species by subsequent designation (
Campbell 1954
: D78):
Phacodiscus rotula
Haeckel, 1887: 424
].
INCLUDED
GENERA. —
Periphaena
Ehrenberg, 1874: 246
(=
Astrophacomma
,
Heliodiscomma
synonymized by
Sanfilippo & Riedel 1973: 522
;
Perizona
synonymized by
Kozur & Mostler 1972: 19
). —
Phacodiscus
Haeckel, 1882: 457
(=
Phacodiscinus
with the same
type
species;
Astrophacilla
n. syn.
,
Paracenodiscus
n. syn.
,
Phacodisculus
n. syn.
,
Prunulum
n. syn.
,
Prunuletta
n. syn.
,
Sethodiscinus
n. syn.
).
INVALID NAME. —
Coccymelium
.
NOMINA DUBIA. —
Conophacodiscus
,
Pentadiscus
,
Triadiscus
.
DIAGNOSIS. — Shell roughly flat, consists of a large convex lensshaped latticed shell. Radial beams arise from the outer medullary shell and radiate to both sides of the equatorial plane. These beams are connected to the large latticed shell. Exterior structure outside of the large latticed shell absent or exclusively represented by a simple solid flat circular edge which is surrounded by distinctive solid arrowhead-like short spines. No structure extends to both sides of the equatorial plane.
STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Early Eocene-Living.
REMARKS
Phacodiscus
shares a homeomorphous appearance to
Heliodiscus
representatives without spines. The latter genus is a living form and has a characteristic microsphere, always eccentrically placed in the second inner shell (outer double medullary shell). The
Phacodiscidae
are an extinct family, whereas
Heliodiscidae
is a common component of living plankton.
Periphaena
has a special distinguishable pore near its center on one side of the cortical shell, probably an exit for the axoflagellum (
Sugiyama & Furutani 1992
: pl. 16, fig. 6). The internal skeletal structure of
Periphaena
has been illustrated (
Sugiyama & Furutani 1992
: pl. 16, fig. 5).
VALIDITY OF GENERA
Phacodiscus
The same
type
species was designated for the following combinations of genera:
Phacodiscus
and
Phacodiscinus
; and
Prunulum
,
Prunuletta
and
Coccymelium
.
Haeckel (1887)
seems to propose new taxon name for differently oriented specimens in some cases.
Sethodiscinus
is considered to have a simple medullary shell (
Campbell 1954
: D78), but the innermost shell is known to be easily dissolved.
Phacodiscus
is validated due to the oldest available name among them. The
type
image for
Phacodiscus
is poor (
Haeckel 1887
: pl. 35, fig. 7) but it is unfortunately “
Phacodiscus
” can be precisely identified by using this poor image.