<document id="1AC1838AEBEF16C32B79C46D189CAD56" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka &amp; Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF9CFFE0FF57FCFEFB76FD9B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echinocardium cordatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="54F2F29A0F0BF95DBF4D328C68FCAB51">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF9CFFE0FF57FCFEFB76FD9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022915" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022915" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF9CFFE0FF57FCFEFB76FD9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF9CFFE0FF57FCFEFB76FD9B" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF9CFFE7FF57FCFEFD53FC70" ID-CoL="38GP4" authority="(Pennant, 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Pennant" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[151,666,873,899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Echinocardium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordatum">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FF57FCFEFE06FC70" bold="true" box="[151,463,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Echinocardium cordatum</emphasis>
(
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)
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</heading>
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF9CFFE7FF57FC1BFF2FFC56" box="[151,230,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[363,1245,1178,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[340,1247,1177,1756]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 69. Echinocardium cordatum (SAMC-A 22289). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Side view of preserved specimen. D. End view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843465/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
A–E.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF9CFFE7FF57FC43FBA9FB97" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF9CFFE7FF57FC43FDA5FC19" blockId="59.[151,1436,980,1124]" box="[151,620,980,1002]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF9CFFE7FF57FC43FDA5FC19" box="[151,620,980,1002]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF9CFFE7FF57FC43FDFAFC19" ID-CoL="D2FD" authority=": Forbes, 1841: 190" authorityName="Forbes" authorityPageNumber="190" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,563,980,1002]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Amphidotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordatus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FF57FC43FEA7FC19" box="[151,366,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Amphidotus cordatus</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF9CFFE7FEBBFC43FDFAFC19" author="Forbes" box="[379,563,980,1002]" page="190" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1841">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FEBBFC43FDCAFC19" author="Forbes" box="[379,515,980,1002]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Forbes, E. A. (1841) A History of British Starfishes and other Animals of the Class Echinodermata. John van Voorst, London, 267 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2129" type="book" year="1841">Forbes, 1841</bibRefCitation>
: 190
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–193.
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF9CFFE7FF57FC65FD51FBFB" ID-CoL="38GP4" authority=": A. Agassiz, 1872: 109" authorityName=": A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="109" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,664,1010,1032]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Echinocardium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordatum">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FF57FC65FE52FBFB" box="[151,411,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Echinocardium cordatum</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF9CFFE7FE6BFC64FD51FBFB" author="Agassiz" box="[427,664,1010,1032]" page="109" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1872">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FE6BFC64FDAAFBFB" author="Agassiz" box="[427,611,1010,1032]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872) Revision of the Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 3, 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1872">A. Agassiz, 1872</bibRefCitation>
: 109
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; 349. Pl. XIX, 
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF9CFFE7FCFAFC65FC78FBFB" box="[826,945,1010,1032]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 12" captionStart-3="FIGURE 13" captionStart-4="FIGURE 14" captionStart-5="FIGURE 15" captionStart-6="FIGURE 16" captionStart-7="FIGURE 17" captionStartId-0="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1808,1830]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-3="17.[151,250,1183,1205]" captionStartId-4="18.[151,250,603,625]" captionStartId-5="18.[151,250,1666,1688]" captionStartId-6="19.[151,250,1270,1292]" captionStartId-7="20.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox-0="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetBox-1="[369,1245,1218,1785]" captionTargetBox-2="[383,1235,1111,1734]" captionTargetBox-3="[346,1245,592,1158]" captionTargetBox-4="[369,1246,196,580]" captionTargetBox-5="[367,1244,1005,1643]" captionTargetBox-6="[360,1246,703,1247]" captionTargetBox-7="[350,1259,690,1334]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[340,1247,1217,1787]" captionTargetId-2="figure@16.[358,1236,1109,1736]" captionTargetId-3="figure@17.[340,1247,591,1161]" captionTargetId-4="figure@18.[340,1247,195,581]" captionTargetId-5="figure@18.[340,1247,1004,1645]" captionTargetId-6="figure@19.[340,1247,702,1249]" captionTargetId-7="figure@20.[324,1262,687,1336]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="17" captionTargetPageId-4="18" captionTargetPageId-5="18" captionTargetPageId-6="19" captionTargetPageId-7="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755)." captionText-7="FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843349/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843351/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843353/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843355/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843357/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843359/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843361/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 10–17</figureCitation>
. Pl. XX, 
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF9CFFE7FBD5FC65FBBAFBFB" box="[1045,1139,1010,1032]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionTargetBox-0="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-1="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-2="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF9CFFE7FB40FC65FAA9FBFB" author="Doderlein" box="[1152,1376,1010,1032]" page="248" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FB40FC65FAE2FBFB" author="Doderlein" box="[1152,1323,1010,1032]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein, 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 248
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FAADFC64FE8DFBD4" author="Clark" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
*: 405. Pl. XIII; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF9CFFE7FE27FB85FD1AFBD4" author="Clark" box="[487,723,1041,1063]" page="232" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FE27FB85FD6AFBD4" author="Clark" box="[487,675,1041,1063]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
: 232
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–233; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF9CFFE7FCD4FB85FC3AFBD4" author="Mortensen" box="[788,1011,1041,1063]" page="152" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FCD4FB85FC0AFBD4" author="Mortensen" box="[788,963,1041,1063]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. V. 2. Spatangoida. II. Amphisternata. III. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosnizidae, Schizateridae, Brissidae. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen, 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 152
</treatmentCitation>
–157. Pl. XVIII, 
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF9CFFE7FB60FB86FB29FBD4" box="[1184,1248,1041,1063]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionTargetBox="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF9CFFE7FB2CFB85FB32FBD4" box="[1260,1275,1042,1063]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionTargetBox="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">7</figureCitation>
. (1–3, 8); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF9CFFE7FAA4FB86FE33FBB5" author="Clark" page="251" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FAA4FB86FE03FBB5" author="Clark" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Clark, A. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 251
</treatmentCitation>
–252; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF9CFFE7FDFAFBA7FD31FBB5" author="Schultz" box="[570,760,1072,1094]" page="411" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FDFAFBA7FD03FBB5" author="Schultz" box="[570,714,1072,1094]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 411
</treatmentCitation>
–412, Figs 772–774; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF9CFFE7FC0FFBA7FB0FFBB5" author="Branch" box="[975,1222,1072,1094]" page="236" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FC0FFBA7FB5CFBB5" author="Branch" box="[975,1173,1072,1094]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. &amp; Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
Branch 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FBDEFBA6FB9BFBB5" box="[1054,1106,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
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: 236
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, Fig. 106.5. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FF57FBD9FE5AFB97" box="[151,403,1102,1124]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF9CFFE7FF57FBD9FE47FB97" ID-CoL="38GNX" box="[151,398,1102,1124]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Echinocardium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australe">Echinocardium australe</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FE58FBD8FD8EFB97" author="Agassiz" box="[408,583,1102,1124]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872) Revision of the Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 3, 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1872">
A. Agassiz, 
<date id="FFE91026FF9CFFE7FDD3FBD9FD8EFB97" box="[531,583,1102,1124]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1872" valueMax="1874">1872</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–74: 109; 580. Pl. XXXVII, 
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF9CFFE7FCA8FBD9FC7BFB97" box="[872,946,1102,1124]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[367,1244,1005,1643]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1247,1004,1645]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843357/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF9CFFE7FC7CFBD9FB95FB97" author="Bell" box="[956,1116,1102,1124]" page="174" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9CFFE7FC7CFBD9FBE0FB97" author="Bell" box="[956,1065,1102,1124]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refString="Bell, F. J. (1904) The Echinodermata found off the coast of South Africa. I. Echinoidea. Marine Investigations in South Africa, 3, 167 - 175." type="journal article" year="1904">Bell, 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 174
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF28666EFF9CFFE7FF57F96CFC27F8C3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843465/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[363,1245,1178,1754]" targetPageId="59">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF9CFFE7FF57F96CFC27F8C3" blockId="59.[151,1436,1787,1840]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FF57F96CFEEEF8E2" bold="true" box="[151,295,1787,1809]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 69.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF9CFFE7FEF4F96CFDF4F8E2" authorityName=": A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1872" box="[308,573,1787,1809]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Echinocardium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordatum">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FEF4F96CFDF4F8E2" box="[308,573,1787,1809]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Echinocardium cordatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAMC-A22289). 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FCD1F96CFCEAF8E2" bold="true" box="[785,803,1787,1809]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
. Map showing distribution. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FB9FF96CFBB9F8E2" bold="true" box="[1119,1136,1787,1809]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">B</emphasis>
. Aboral view of preserved specimen. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FEC3F88DFEDCF8C3" bold="true" box="[259,277,1818,1840]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C</emphasis>
. Side view of preserved specimen. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FDBDF88DFD46F8C3" bold="true" box="[637,655,1818,1840]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D</emphasis>
. End view of preserved specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF9CFFE0FF57F8C0FD9EFE43" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF9CFFE0FF57F8C0FECEFF27" blockId="59.[151,1436,1879,2012]" lastBlockId="60.[151,1437,151,616]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9CFFE7FF57F8C0FE4AF883" bold="true" box="[151,387,1879,1904]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Material examined.</emphasis>
MBC-A077941; MBC-A 
<date id="FFE91026FF9CFFE7FD6CF8C0FCCBF89C" box="[684,770,1879,1903]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="87-02-22">022287</date>
; MBC-A 
<date id="FFE91026FF9CFFE7FCAEF8C0FC0DF89C" box="[878,964,1879,1903]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="88-02-22">022288</date>
; MBC-A 
<date id="FFE91026FF9CFFE7FBEFF8C0FB4CF89C" box="[1071,1157,1879,1903]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="89-02-22">022289</date>
; MBC-A 
<date id="FFE91026FF9CFFE7FB31F8C0FA8FF89C" box="[1265,1350,1879,1903]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="93-02-22">022293</date>
; MBC- A023309; MBC-A023402; MBC-A027879; MBC-A077955; MBC-A077956; MBC-A077959; MBC-A077963; MBC-A077961; MBC-A077962; MBC-A077958; MBC-A077957; MBC-A077960; MBC-A077954; 
<accessionNumber id="9404AB05FF9CFFE7FAFAF808FA51F844" box="[1338,1432,1951,1975]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A27739" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="EnaNcbi">A27739</accessionNumber>
; A6457; MBC-A077965; MBC-A077966; MBC-A077967; MBC-A077968; MBC-A077969; MBC-A077970; MBC-A077971; MBC-A078006; A 22354; A 22355; MBC-A 
<date id="FFE91026FF9BFFE0FCAAFF0FFC09FF43" box="[874,960,152,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="87-02-22">022287</date>
; MBC-A 
<date id="FFE91026FF9BFFE0FBEDFF0FFB4AFF43" box="[1069,1155,152,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="88-02-22">022288</date>
; MBC-A 
<date id="FFE91026FF9BFFE0FB30FF0FFA8FFF43" box="[1264,1350,152,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="89-02-22">022289</date>
; MBC- A 
<date id="FFE91026FF9BFFE0FF6BFF2BFECBFF27" box="[171,258,188,212]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="93-02-22">022293</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF9BFFE0FF07FF74FD9EFE43" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,616]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9BFFE0FF07FF74FEB9FF0F" bold="true" box="[199,368,227,252]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Identification.</emphasis>
Test moderately high, with deep anterior notch. Apical disc posteriorly positioned. Anterior ambulacrum distinctively sunken, two-series of irregularly arranged, large pores, associated with tube feet; paired petals sunken, wide at internal fasciole, tapering distally. Periproct opening at truncated end, variable in shape. Internal fasciole conspicuously long, subanal fasciole shield-shaped, with four pore-pairs, pointed at end; anal fasciole extending along periproct, onto upper side, separated from subanal fasciole. Spines uniform. Live specimen brownish, denuded test white.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF9BFFE0FF07FE28FA81FDD3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF9BFFE0FF07FE28FCECFE24" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,616]" box="[199,805,447,472]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9BFFE0FF07FE28FE1BFE2B" bold="true" box="[199,466,447,472]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
Maximum test length 
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF9BFFE0FD0FFE57FCE8FE24" box="[719,801,448,472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF9BFFE0FF07FE74FA81FDD3" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,616]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9BFFE0FF07FE74FE7CFE0F" bold="true" box="[199,437,483,508]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Global distribution.</emphasis>
From northern 
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF9BFFE0FDAAFE73FD0DFE0F" box="[618,708,484,508]" name="Norway" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Norway</collectingCountry>
along European coasts into Mediterranean and 
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF9BFFE0FB26FE73FA87FE08" box="[1254,1358,484,507]" name="Morocco" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF9BFFE0FA9BFE74FF2BFDD3" name="South Africa" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF9BFFE0FA9BFE74FA55FE0F" box="[1371,1436,483,508]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF9BFFE0FF2CFD9FFEE6FDEC" box="[236,303,520,543]" name="Japan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF9BFFE0FEFAFD9FFE19FDD3" box="[314,464,519,544]" name="New Zealand" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and southern 
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF9BFFE0FDAEFD90FD11FDD3" box="[622,728,519,544]" name="Australia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Australia</collectingCountry>
; from littoral to 
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF9BFFE0FC4FFD90FC1FFDEC" box="[911,982,519,544]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9BFFE0FC26FD90FB50FDD3" author="Doderlein" box="[998,1177,519,544]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein 1910</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF9BFFE0FB64FD90FAF5FDD3" author="Schultz" box="[1188,1340,519,544]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF9BFFE0FF07FDBCFB76FD9B" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF9BFFE0FF07FDBCFB76FD9B" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,616]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9BFFE0FF07FDBCFEF2FDB7" bold="true" box="[199,315,555,580]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</emphasis>
Samples identified through current study extend previously known distribution northwards towards Sodwana Bay. Differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF9BFFE0FE11FDC7FD83FD94" authorityName=": Doderlein" authorityYear="1910" box="[465,586,592,615]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Echinocardium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF9BFFE0FE11FDC7FD83FD94" box="[465,586,592,615]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">E. capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in large shield shape internal fasciole and frontal notch.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>