Intertidal Euryleptid polyclads and description of a new Stylostomum Lang, 1884 from Maharashtra, India Author Pitale, Reshma Author Apte, Deepak text Zootaxa 2019 2019-08-08 4652 2 317 339 journal article 26053 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.5 8a3697cb-b8f5-4860-befa-59c79dbfcad6 1175-5326 3363816 951C3124-F209-4E02-B489-695CBF71543D Cycloporus variegatus Kato 1934 ( Figure 2 , 3 ) Material examined : One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 118, 6.51 x 5.45 mm ) dissected for sagittal sections of reproductive structure (26 slides), collected on 20-10-2013 at Alawa in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra . One specimen (BNHS-Pclad 166, 6.48 x 4.16 mm ) intact, collected 17-05-2014 at Undi in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra . Distribution : Originally described from Japan ( Kato 1934 ), re-described from West Australia , North Great Barrier Reef, Lizard Island and Vietnam (Newman and Canon 2002, 2003), Colombia from Caribbean ( Quiroga et al. 2004 ) and Cabo Frio, Brazil ( Bahia et al. 2014 ). Diagnosis : Translucent body with intermittently arranged prominent yellowish spots. Thick grouping of these spots observed on the dorsal median line. Margin clear with yellow dash-like markings or spots. Pseudotentacles yellow. Description: Colour: The colouration observed within intestinal branches across the dorsal surface appears brown to dark reddish ( Fig. 2A, B ). Fine yellow spots are found throughout the surface which even clump together and become more prominent. Median line is slightly raised, commences at the base of the translucent cerebral area and ends prior to posterior margin. This raised portion shows brownish-red and yellow patches across its length. Main branch of the intestine with accumulated brownish-black food material visible as darker median colouration. Translucent margin possesses yellow stripes or spots of peripheral glands. Widely spaced pseudotentacles show prominent yellow pigmentation ( Fig. 2B ). Form: Slightly rounded or oval Pseudotentacles: Small bumps, sometimes raised and pointed ( Fig. 2B, D ), measuring 0.35 mm . Eyespots: Cerebral eyespots arranged in two elongated clusters 50–55 in each and 0.8 mm away from anterior margin. Tentacular eyespots arranged dorsally and ventrally, ranging between 25–40 ( Fig. 2D and 3D ). Digestive system: Pharynx tubular 0.72 mm long and mouth situated about 1.32 mm from the anterior margin. Main branch of the intestine 3.07 mm long with eight lateral branches ( Fig. 2C, D ). Gonopores: Male gonopore present immediately behind the pharynx and 1.46 mm distant from anterior margin, measuring 0.064 mm . Female gonopore 0.46 mm behind the male gonopore and 1.86 mm distant from anterior margin, measuring 0.088 mm ( Fig. 2E, F ). Male reproductive system: elongated-oval seminal vesicle ( 0.214 mm x 0.045 mm ) is present diagonal to the ventral body wall ( Fig. 3B, C ). Prostatic vesicle ( 0.076 mm x 0.101mm ) ventrally placed enters penis via prostatic duct ( Fig. 3A, C ). Stylet 0.0320 mm enters short male atrium measuring 0.0493 mm . Female reproductive system: slender female atrium measures 0.045 mm . Cement pouch with lateral invagination ( 0.022 mm ), densely disposed cement glands. Vagina 0.064 mm ( Fig. 3B, C ). Uteri visible through dorsal surface ( Fig. 3C, F ). Taxonomic Remarks: round/oval body, tubular pharynx, small bumps of tentacles, prominent peripheral vesicles of intestinal branches, lateral branches of intestine range within 4-10 and multiple uterine vesicles place these specimens into the genus Cycloporus as defined in Newman and Canon (2002). FIGURE 1. Map showing study area and geographical position of collection sites (green circles) FIGURE 2. Cycloporus variegatus A. in situ ; B. in vivo ; C. dorsal view; D. diagram of dorsal surface showing eyespots and digestive system; E. ventral view; F. diagram of ventral surface. ce: cerebral eyespots; fp: female gonopore; it: main intestine; itb: intestinal branches; mp: male gonopore; ph: pharynx; te: pseudotentacular eyespots; ut: uteri; su: sucker.Anterior to the right in C, E and anterior to the top in D, F. FIGURE 3. Cycloporus variegatus A. male reproductive structures; B. female reproductive structures; C. sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system D. close view of eyespot arrangement E. and F. Cycloporus variegatus over compound ascidian; G. ascidian from which specimen collected (Image F) showing feeding marks. ce: cerebral eyespots; cg: cement glands; cp: cement pouch; fp: female gonopore; mp: male gonopore; pe: penis; te: pseudotentacular eyespots; pv: prostatic vesicles; su: sucker; sv: seminal vesicle; vg: vagina. Anterior to the right in A, B, C. The present specimens exactly match with the description provided by Newman and Canon (2002; 2003) except for the white spot posterior to the cerebral eyespots mentioned by them. In fact, this region shows more prominent yellow patches in both the specimens studied. Both the specimens collected were found on the unidentified compound ascidian and nearly of similar colouration ( Fig. 3E, F, G ).