Unveiling Utricularia amethystina’s true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae) Author Baleeiro, Paulo C. 0000-0002-0484-3166 Department of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4076, Australia. & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. & uqpbalee @ uq. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0484 - 3166 uqpbalee@uq.edu.au Author Gonella, Paulo M. 0000-0001-8332-5326 Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Rodovia MG- 424, km 47, 35701 - 970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. & pmgonella @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8332 - 5326 pmgonella@gmail.com Author Sano, Paulo T. 0000-0002-1709-1215 Department of Botany - Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo. Rua do Matão, 277, 05508 - 090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & ptsano @ usp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1709 - 1215 ptsano@usp.br Author Jobson, Richard W. 0000-0002-1822-9634 National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. & richard. Jobson @ botanicgardens. nsw. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1822 - 9634 obson@botanicgardens.nsw.gov.au text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-12-15 576 1 29 54 http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2 e182c4cc-2536-4f6c-bdb0-be4704e50e4d 1179-3163 7440860 3. Utricularia bicolor Saint-Hilaire & Girard (1838: 870) — Fig. 3K Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL : Minas Gerais : Serra da Candonga , near Tapanhuacanga (Itapanhoacanga, c. -18.75, -43.41667) 1816–21, Saint Hilaire B1-919 ( P603309 !; isolectotype P603308 [mixed collection with U. damazioi ] image!). Description :—Terrestrial. Medium to large, perennial herb . Rhizoids numerous, from the base up to 10 mm above of peduncle base, robust with thin ramified branchlets; stolons few. Leaves 1–2, circular lamina from a long attenuate 5 mm long; traps on rhizoids, c. 1 mm long, simple trichomes around trap door, without chin-like swelling, stalk up to 1.5 mm long. Inflorescence simple, loosely, 170–360 mm long, peduncle usually papillose near base, 0.5–1.0 mm long; scales deltoid, 0.7–1.2 mm long; bracts and bracteoles subequal, connate near the base or at middle, glabrous or papillose, bract broadly ovate, apex acute, bracteoles linear, single nerved, obtuse apex, 1.2–2.0 mm long. Flowers 1–2(–3); pedicel erect, filiform 2.5–4.2 mm long; calyx lobes unequal, cartaceous, concave, papillae and glandular trichomes present, with inconspicuous simple nerves; upper lobe broadly ovate to almost circular, apex rounded, entire, slightly hyaline margin, 2.5–3.0 × 2.1–3.5 mm ; lower lobe broadly elliptic, entire, margin not hyaline, apex emarginate, 1.1–1.8 × 2.1–2.5 mm ; corolla lilac with a yellow spot at base of lower lip, 12–15 mm long; upper lip papillose, some glands present, broadly elliptic to circular, rounded apex 2.9–3.9 × 4.6–7.1 mm , twice as long than calyx; lower lip transversally elliptic, base forming bilobed swelling, apex shallowly 3-lobed, 5.8–7.9 × 7.3–11.0 mm; spur cylindrical from a larger base, apex obtuse, slightly longer than the lower lip, 6.5–8.7 mm long, sparsely glandular; filaments curved, 1.5 mm long, thecae 1mm long.; orary globose. Capsule globose c. 3 mm long., calyx not covering the stigma lip. Seeds obliquely ovoid c. 0.10 mm long. Distribution and ecology: — Utricularia bicolor is endemic to the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais , Southeast Brazil ( Fig.1 ). It is found growing on rocky outcrops or on edges of creeks in campos rupestres. Its patchy and lower in number nature makes it hard to identify populations’ boundary, a pattern seen through out the genus in different levels (see comments on U. hirtella ). (P.C.Baleeiro, pers. observation). Etymology: —From the latin bicolor = two colours, refering to the colour of the corolla; lilac with a yellow spot at the base of the lower lip. Conservation status: —Endangered—EN B1ab(iii) + B2ab(iii). Utricularia bicolor present a restricted range (AOO = 24 km 2 ; EOO = 4,325 km 2 ) with all known populations located outside of conservation areas and subject to threats such as increased fire frequency and intensity, invasive species, and habitat destruction. Notes: —Initially, PCB treated this plant from the Diamantina area ( Minas Gerais ) as a new taxon based on an initial comparison to one of Saint-Hilaire’s type specimens, and it was Included in the morphometric study of Baleeiro et al. (2016) with the code “DIA” ( Fig.4K ). However, after examining the other type for Utricularia bicolor at a different moment, it became clear that these plants from Diamantina corresponded to this taxon. The confusion is due to a mixture of both U. bicolor and U. damazioi (both species grow sympatrically) in the first type, and it seems that Saint-Hilaire & Girard (1838) based their description on both species as they describe the upper corolla lip as ovate, which is found in U. damazioi but not on U. bicolor . Therefore, here we designate as lectotype the specimen without the mixture. Utricularia bicolor is distinguished from all other species by the presence of slightly 3-lobed lower corolla lip lacking a white spot, and papillose calyx lobes containing some marginally placed glandular trichomes. FIGURE 3 . A. U. amethystina s.str. Type locality Marau peninsula Bahia, B. U. amethystina s.str. Virua National Park, C. U. amethystina s.str. white-flowered specimen, D. U. roraimensis , E. U. amethystina s.str. pink morphotype, F. U. amethystina Type locality, G. U. lindmanii , H–I. U. lunaris , J–N. U. damazioi . J. from Chapada Diamantina, K., M., N. from Chapada dos Veadeiros, L. from Diamantina Plateau. Additional specimens Examined: — BRAZIL . MINAS GERAIS : Botumirim , alto da Serra da Canastra , 13 Out. 2001, Rivadavia 1267 ( SPF ) ; ibid , extremidade norte, 19 Set. 1992 , Mello-Silva et al. 679 ( SPF ) . Diamantina , grassy meadow and adjacent campo, 15 Jan. 1969 , Irwin et al. 22001 ( NY ) ; ibid , ponto atrás do Campus 2- UFVJM , beira de córrego próximo ao ponto de captaç„o de água da Universidade , 9 Jun. 2012 , Baleeiro et al. 181 ( SPF ) ; ibid , 06 Mar. 2013 ; Baleeiro et al. 291 ( SPF ) ; ibid , voltando da comunidade de Galheiros , lado direito da estrada, campo com córrego em meio a afloramento rochoso, 06 Mar. 2013 , Baleeiro et al. 294 ( SPF ) ; ibid , S „o Jo„o da Chapada , brown sand and campo on steep gravelly slopes, ascending through dense creekside vegetation to c. 75 cm , 26 Mar. 1970 , Irwin et al. 28411 ( F / NY ). Itacambira, alguns km de Itacambira pela estrada para Montes Claros, 13 out. 2001, Rivadavia 1284 ( SPF ) . Santana do Pirapama , Serra do Cipó ( Serra da Lapa ), Distrito de S „o José da Cachoeira , trilha da Senhorinha , 19 Fev. 2007 , Souza et al. 32788 ( SPF ) .