Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack Author Garzón-Orduña, Ivonne J. Author Penz, Carla M. text Zootaxa 2009 2134 1 22 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.188448 10d3b521-818c-44d2-af1b-df4281f82b80 1175-5326 188448 Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood) ( Fig. 1 C–D, 8G) Diagnosis: Both sexes can be recognized by four characters: (1) dorsal FW postmedial band continuous from costal margin to cell M2, stopping at M3 or Cu1; (2) dorsal HW postmedial band absent; (3) ventral FW with large yellow and green eyespots in cells M1 and M2; (4) conspicuous ripple-pattern ventrally on both wings. Distribution: Central and northern South America , French Guiana , Colombia , Bolivia , Guatemala ( Casagrande 2004 ). There are records of D. macrosiris in high elevations sites in Colombia and Ecuador ( Moss 1935 ). It would be interesting to compare specimens collected in high versus lower elevations. Subspecies: Casagrande (2004) listed four subspecies: nominal macrosiris ( type locality: French Guiana ), hannibal Oberthür ( Colombia ), pharnaces Stichel ( Bolivia ), and strix (Bates) ( Guatemala ). Examined males from El Salvador and French Guiana differ in both wing color and genitalia, and work in progress will address this issue.