Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key Author Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha 0000-0003-4874-129X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & amanda. pnoronhap @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4874 - 129 X amanda.pnoronhap@gmail.com Author Riina, Ricarda 0000-0002-7423-899X Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain. & rriina @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7423 - 899 X rriina@rjb.csic.es Author Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi 0000-0002-8393-214X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 214 X mbrcaruzo@unifesp.br text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-10-28 570 3 231 274 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 journal article 176492 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 e5151877-6fa0-44de-b9c3-4577de526c95 1179-3163 7260277 35. Croton thermarum Müller Argoviensis (1873: 151) . Type: — BRAZIL . Minas Gerais : “prope Caldas, in campis juxta thermas”, 1847, A.F. Regnell 1084 ( holotype G 00434665!; isotypes BR 0000008760623!, BR 0000008760654!, P 00623517!, S S07-12769!, S SR-10582!, US 00109775!, US 00902149!) . (Illustration available at Smith et al. 1988: 108 ) Croton thermarum was synonymized under C. lanatus by Caruzo et al. (2020) . We now disagree with that because although both species are morphologically similar, we have identified reproductive characteristics that permit their differentiation (see comments C. lanatus and Table 2 ). Therefore, we follow Caruzo et al. (2019) , which recognize C. thermarum as an accepted species. The species is a member of section Adenophylli subsect. Meridionalis . Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern ( PR ) and southeastern (MG, SP) Brazil ( Caruzo et al. 2019 ), where it grows in open vegetation, ‘capoeira’, and, frequently, edges of Araucaria Forest. It was registered for humid soil and rocky outcrops, between 600 and 1200 m elevation in Paraná ( Fig.18 ). Phenology:— Flowering from September to December, and fruiting from December to February. Representative specimens:— PARANÁ : Guarapuava , Serra da Esperança , 09 November 2012 , M . G . Caxambu et al. 4420 ( EFC , HCF , MBM , UEC ). Imbituva , Rodovia BR-277, 05 December 1968 , G . Hatschbach & O . Guimarães 20477 ( MBM , NY ). Pitanga , Arroio Grande , 14 January 1983 , G . Hatschbach 46015 ( MBM ). Prudentópolis , 16 November 1957 , G . Hatschbach 4314 ( MBM ). Santa Maria do Oeste , Rodovia Pitanga – Santa Maria do Oeste, Rio Feio , 19 February 2004 , G . Hatschbach , M . Hatschbach & E . Barbosa 76817 ( MBM , RB ) .