On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA Author Calder, Dale R. text Zootaxa 2019 2019-10-25 4689 1 1 141 journal article 25128 10.11646/zootaxa.4689.1.1 a63613b4-e611-42e8-89cd-2d3aae126759 1175-5326 3519047 41BFBBDF-41AD-4329-B6B9-CF38D64815A6 Tridentata turbinata ( Lamouroux, 1816 ) Fig. 21g Dynamena turbinata Lamouroux, 1816: 180 . Sertularia turbinata .— Leloup, 1935a: 50 .— Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen, 1965: 38 . Type locality. Australasia: on “ Fucus ” ( Lamouroux 1816: 180 , as Dynamena turbinata ). Material examined. Sanibel Island, beach at Lighthouse Point, 26°26’58”N , 82°01’04.5”W , on stranded Sargassum pteropleuron , 21 March 2018 , 22° C, 34.5‰, two colonies, up to 9 mm high, without gonophores, coll. D. Calder, ROMIZ B4393. Remarks. Tridentata turbinata is a species of tropical and subtropical waters that has been recorded but few times along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States . In inshore waters, it has not been reported north of Florida along the east coast except as colonies transported northwards on pelagic Sargassum by the Gulf Stream (e.g., Stachowicz & Lindquist 1997 ). It has been reported twice from Louisiana in the northern Gulf of Mexico , although one of those occurrences was based on specimens from gulfweed (pelagic Sargassum ) ( Cary & Spaulding 1909 ). Most distribution records listed below of T. turbinata in the North Atlantic are from the Caribbean region, although the species is also well-known from Bermuda and the Bahamas . To the south, records of the species are frequent in warm waters of coastal Brazil ( Oliveira et al . 2016 ). As records below also indicate, it is most common in shallow waters. This species has long been misassigned to a non-monophyletic genus Sertularia Linnaeus, 1758 instead of Tridentata Stechow, 1920 . As documented earlier (Calder 1990 [1991a]: 104, 2013: 33; Calder et al . 2019 ), significant morphological differences exist between those two genera in both trophosome and gonosome. Molecular phylograms such as those in Moura et al . (2011) and Maronna et al . (2016) reveal that T. turbinata is very close genetically to T. perpusilla ( Stechow, 1919 ) , type species of Tridentata , and that both species are remote from S. argentea Linnaeus , type species of Sertularia . It bears repeating, once again, that the valid name of the species should be Tridentata turbinata . The hydroid of T. turbinata is relatively common in shallow waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, yet specimens with gonothecae have been reported infrequently. Humara-Gil & Cruz-Gómez (2018: 466 , figs. 8B, E) recently discovered fertile colonies from Oaxaca , Mexico , as did Galea & Ferry (2015: 235 , fig. 6G, as Sertularia turbinata ) from Guadeloupe . Earlier accounts of colonies with gonothecae include those of Stechow (1919: 93 , fig. H 1 , as Sertularia brevicyathus ) from the Tonga Islands, Vervoort (1959: 277 , figs.36b, c, as Sertularia turbinata ) from off Freetown, Sierra Leone , Millard (1975 , 310, fig. 100E, as Sertularia turbinata forma acuta ) from South Africa , and Hirohito (1995:217 , figs. 73e, f, as Sertularia turbinata ) from Sagami Bay, Japan . Colonies examined here were sterile. Detailed taxonomic and nomenclatural accounts of this species include those of Calder (1990 [1991a]) and Medel & Vervoort (1998 , as Sertularia turbinata ). Reported distribution. Gulf coast of Florida. Dry Tortugas : Loggerhead Key, on algae ( Leloup 1935a: 51 , as Sertularia turbinata ; Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 38 , as Sertularia turbinata ).—Dry Tortugas : S of Loggerhead Key ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 38 , as Sertularia turbinata ). Elsewhere in western North Atlantic. Bahamas : between Eleuthera and Little Cat islands + near Spanish Wells ( Nutting 1904: 60 , as Sertularia brevicyathus ).— Bermuda : various locations, abundant, on sponges, seaweeds, large hydroids ( Congdon 1907: 481 , as Sertularia brevicyathus ).— USA : Louisiana , occasional, on gulfweed ( Cary & Spaulding 1909: 6 , as Sertularia brevicyanthus (sic)).— Bermuda : Challenger Bank, 31–70 ftm ( 57–128 m ), on a gorgonian and algae + Agar’s Island , on Sargassum ( Bennitt 1922: 250 , as Sertularia brevicyathus ).— Bonaire : Lac, mouth, back of reef, on detached Sargassum + Boca Washikemba, on stranded algae + Lagoen, north coast, on stranded Sargassum (Leloup 1935: 51, as Sertularia turbinata ).— Aruba : Boca Prins, on stranded Sargassum (Leloup 1935: 51, as Sertularia turbinata ).— Bahamas : Cay Sal Bank, 5–7 ftm ( 9–13 m ), on benthic algae ( Leloup 1937: 106 , as Sertularia turbinata ).—Atlantic Ocean: Gulf Stream, on pelagic Sargassum + Sargasso Sea, on pelagic Sargassum (Burkenroad, in Parr 1939: 23 , as Sertularia brevicyathus ).— Puerto Rico : northeast coast, 18°27’35”N , 65°33’35”W , 26 ftm ( 48 m ) + 18°24’30”N , 65°38’30”W , 9 ftm ( 16 m ) + 18°23’35”N , 65°37’10”W , 10 ftm ( 18 m ) ( Fraser 1944: 291 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Panama : Caledonia Bay (Puerto Escoces), on floating Sargassum ( Fraser 1947b: 11 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Venezuela : off Isla Tortuga , 2–5 ftm ( 4–9 m ) ( Fraser 1947b: 11 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Colombia : La Goajira, Rio Hacha (=Riohacha), on algae ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 38 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Aruba : Boca Prins, on Sargassum + wharf of Arend Petroleum Co., on iron beam ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 38 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Bonaire : Oranjepan, on stranded Sargassum + Boca Washikemba, on stranded brown algae + Playa Grandi, on Sargassum ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 38 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Tobago : Rockley Bay (=Rockly Bay) on Sargassum ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 38 , as Sertularia turbinata ).—West Indies: between Trinidad and Grenada ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 38 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Antigua : Deep Bay, at Fort Barrington, on algae, sponge ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 38 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Sint Maarten : Simson Lagoon, bridge, on algae ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 38 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Virgin Islands of the United States : St. Thomas, Sound, on other hydroids ( Vervoort 1968: 52 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Colombia : off Santa Marta ( Wedler 1975: 340 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— USA : Florida , southeast coast ( Mergner 1977: 122 , as Sertularia turbinata ; 1987: 187, as Sertularia turbinata ).— Belize : Carrie Bow Cay, 0–10 m , on dead corals, gorgonians ( Spracklin 1982: 246 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Colombia : vicinity of Bahía de Cartagena ( Flórez González 1983: 120 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Bermuda : inshore, shallow waters + offshore, on banks, buoy chains ( Calder 1986: 139 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— USA : Louisiana , on a coastal petroleum platform, 46 m ( Lewbel et al . 1987: 214 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Belize : Twin Cays ( Ellison & Farnsworth 1990: 96 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Bermuda : Whalebone Bay, 1 m , on ledge + Flatts Inlet, on rocks, Thyroscyphus marginatus , 2 m (Calder 1990 [1991a]: 111).— Belize : Twin Cays, on Rhizophora , benthic algae, sponges, other invertebrates ( Calder 1991b: 223 ; 1991c: 2068 ).— Belize : Lark Cay, on Rhizophora +Northeast Cay, on Rhizophora + Twin Cays, on Rhizophora ( Ellison & Farnsworth 1992: 90 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— Bermuda : Walsingham Pond ( Thomas et al . 1992: 139 , 152, as Sertularia turbinata ).— Bermuda : Harrington Sound, just below tidal level ( Thomas 1996: 758 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— USA : North Carolina , off Cape Lookout in Gulf Stream, 34°10’N , 76°13’W , on Sargassum ( Stachowicz & Lindquist 1997: 116 ) .— Bermuda : Argus (=Plantagenet) Bank, on Argus Tower, 20 m ( Calder 2000: 1135 , 1136).— Panama : Bocas del Toro area, Boca del Drago, 09°25’36.3”N , 82°19’30.1”W , 1-3 m + Bocas del Toro area, Cayos Zapotilla, 09°15.564’N , 82°02.750’W , 7-8 m + Bocas del Toro area, Swan’s Key, 09°27’12.2”N , 82°18’01.8”W , 1-4 m + Bocas del Toro area, Drago 2, mangrove, 1–2 m + Bocas del Toro area, Drago 2, 2– 4 m ( Calder & Kirkendale 2005: 486 ).—French Lesser Antilles: Guade- loupe, Basse-Terre, N of Malendure, 16°10’25.00”N , 61°46’58.00”W , on algae ( Galea 2008: 37 , as Sertularia turbinata ).—French Lesser Antilles: Les Saintes, Terre-de-Haut, Pain de Sucre, 15°51’45”N , 61°35’60”W , on Dictyota , Thyroscyphus ramosus ( Galea 2008: 37 , as Sertularia turbinata ).— USA : Florida : Fort Pierce Inlet, 27°28’24.1”N , 80°17’21.2”W , north jetty, intertidal, on benthic algae ( Calder 2013: 33 ).—French Lesser Antilles: Martinique ( Galea 2013: 50 , as Sertularia turbinata ).—French Lesser Antilles: Martinique , Le François, Pointe Jacob, 14.58552 , - 60.84993 , 0 m, on floating Sargassum ( Galea & Ferry 2015: 235 , as Sertularia turbinata ).—Caribbean Sea ( Wedler 2017b: 134 , figs. 141A, B, 142, 143, as Sertularia turbinata ).— Mexico : Alacranes Reef, on shipwreck (Mendoza- Becerril et al . 2018b: 130, as Sertularia turbinata ).