First record of the myrmicine ant genus Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915 (Hymenoptera Formicidae) from India with description of a new species Author Akbar, Shahid Ali 0000-0002-0284-136X kingakbarali@gmail.com Author Bharti, Himender 0000-0001-5996-1808 Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab- 147002 India himenderbharti @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5996 - 1808 himenderbharti@gmail.com Author Kanturski, Mariusz Zoology Research Team, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40 - 007 Katowice, Poland Author Wachkoo, Aijaz Ahmad Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College, Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir- 192303 India text Zootaxa 2021 2021-06-15 4985 3 403 413 journal article 6077 10.11646/zootaxa.4985.3.7 a2b4ffb5-baab-44bd-91c4-76a6816e98e2 1175-5326 4956293 2BDD3B3F-9A50-45FF-BE75-0082571F756F Syllophopsis peetersi sp. nov. ( Figures 2–6 ) Types. Holotype worker: India , Kerala , Silent Valley National Park , 11.0939N , 76.4462E , Kerala , India , 900 m . a.s.l., 25.ix.2011 , Winkler extraction method, leg. S.A. Akbar (unique specimen identifier PUAC5001 ) . Paratypes : 6 workers with same data as holotype ( PUAC5002 – PUAC5007 ) . Additional material examined: 14 workers , Silent Valley National park near Badriya Juma Masjid , Mukkali , 11.0618N , 76.5390E , Kerala , India , 700 m .a.s.l., 20.xii.2016 , Winkler extraction method; 8 workers ( PSAA0001 – PSAA0008 ) ; 2 workers (PSAA0009–PSAA0010 for molecular analysis, NMNH ) ; 2 workers (PSAA00011–PSAA0012 for SEM studies, USKP ) ; 2 workers , same data except: 21.xii.2016 (PSAA00013–PSAA0014 NHMUK ), leg. S.A. Akbar. Worker measurements (n=11; range with holotype in brackets): EL 0.11–0.13 (0.11), HL 0.68–0.73 (0.71), HW 0.58–0.61 (0.60), SL 0.50–0.52 (0.51), ML 0.65–0.77 (0.74), PRW 0.51–0.53 (0.52), PL 0.25–0.27 (0.26), PPL 0.22–0.24 (0.23), PPW 0.24–0.26 (0.25), PW 0.25–0.28 (0.27), PH 0.28–0.29 (0.29), PPH 0.25–0.26 (0.26) mm. Indices: CI 83–85 (84), SI 82–86 (85). Worker Description. Head longer than wide (CI 83–85); vertex planar to slightly concave; frons shining and smooth with sparse piliferous pits and a few striolae around antennal sockets; frons with incurved and semierect setae ( Figs 2a , 3a–b ). Eye distinct, well developed, consisting of more than 9 ommatidia, eye width 1–2× greatest width of antennal scape, eyes set about midpoint of head capsule, more-or-less circular with curvature of inner eye margin slightly more pronounced than that of its outer margin, ommatidia of compound eyes are loosely and regular deployed having few curved sensilla in-between ( Figs 3c–d ). The frontal lobes are well-separated and the anteromedian seta is situated well under a protrusive ledge ( Fig 3e ). Clypeal carinae weakly defined with anteromedian clypeal margin narrowly convex between weakly ridged clypeal carinae; paraclypeal setae moderately long and fine, curved; posteromedian clypeal margin ending slightly anterior to antennal fossae. Mandibles with 4–5 teeth and one denticle (on second basal tooth); mandibles linear-triangular with few piliferous pits and distinctly striate; masticatory margin of mandibles strongly oblique ( Figs 3f–g ); anterior tentorial pit is situated far away from the antennal sockets ( Fig 3h ). The torulus appears as circular sclerites with a well marked torular lobe; placed within is antennal bulbus having series of sensilla trichodea ( Figs 3i–m ). Antennae consist of 12 segments with a 3-segmented distinct club; scape, pedicel and flagellum are well separable ( Fig 4a ). Compared with the rest of the antennal segments, the scape consists of fewer but longer pilosity ( Figs 4b–c ). Pedicel and rest of the antennal segments mainly consist of curved sensilla trichodea, with some of them having grooved surfaces ( Figs 4d–i ). The apical antennal segments which form the club also have few sensilla trichodea curvata (tc) along lateral sides ( Figs 4j–k ). Most of the sensilla are concentrated along the apical flagellomere ( Fig 4l ). The terminal flagellomere has a dense covering of sensilla trichodea curvata (tc), few sensilla basiconica (b) and some sensilla trichodea (t) ( Figs 4m –p ). Most of the basiconica and sensilla trichodea appear paired ( Fig 4o ). On the tip of terminal flagellomere there are also few small pores in the cuticle representing the openings of the sensilla ampullacea (a) and sensilla coeloconica (c) ( Figs 4p–q ). The very tip of the flagellomere is characterised by very granulated or porous surface ( Fig 4r ). The general surface of head consists of regularly placed sensilla trichodea throughout with gena mostly devoid of any distinct pilosity ( Figs 4s–t ). The sensilla are strongly curved at the base and their sockets are quite tight ( Fig. 4u ). Head cuticle is more or less ribbed ( Figs 4v–w ). Pilosity near tentorial pits consists of short curved hairs ( Fig 4x ). Mesosomal outline in profile broadly convex and smoothly rounded, promesonotum slightly raised compared to propodeum ( Figs 2b–c , 5a–b ). Metanotal groove strongly impressed, with distinct transverse costulae ( Figs 5c–d ). Mesosoma shining and smooth with faintly striolate mesopleuron posteriad. Promesonotal setae a mixture of incurved, semierect setae, slightly shorter decumbent setae, and sparse appressed setulae. Propodeum with dorsum longer than the posterior (declivitous) face; mostly smooth and shining with dorsum having few weak striolae; propodeum with erect to decumbent setae along dorsum and entire declivitous face; propodeal spiracle nearer to declivitous face of propodeum than metanotal groove; vestibule of propodeal spiracle distinct; propodeal lobes present as rounded flanges, metapleural gland with a distinct circular opening ( Figs 5e–g ). Petiolar node cuboidal, shining and smooth throughout without any ventral rugae on the petiolar peduncle; petiolar spiracle situated anteriad of petiolar node ( Fig 5h ); postpetiole shining and smooth; postpetiolar sternite depressed, anterior carina inconspicuous ( Fig 5i ). Four distinct gastral tergites with sharp pointed sting; the terminal gastral segment has a circular stigma opening ( Figs 5j–m ); gastral tergites, with a mixture of incurved, semierect setae and slightly shorter decumbent setae. The legs with strongly swollen femur and a stout tibia, calcar, basitarsus, five tarsomeres and sharply pointed claws ( Fig 6a ). The surface of leg shows presence of scattered sensilla trichodea (t). The protibial spur of forelegs (calcar of strigil) appears distinct with grooved squamiform and spatulate setae ( Figs 6b–j ). Claws with long setae and arolium between the pointed claws in all the legs ( Figs 6k–m ). The tarsomeres also have a dense covering of long sensilla trichodea ( Figs 6n–o ). Color yellowish to very light brown. Distribution. Western Ghats, India . Ecology. The specimens were collected by Winkler sampling carried out at Silent Valley National Park, a primary tropical rainforest in Kerala . Located in the Nilgiri hills of Western Ghats of India , the park represents one of the last undisturbed tracts of tropical moist evergreen forest in India (2d). The region has a mean annual rainfall of 6,066 mm and a mean annual temperature of 20.2 oC . The litter samples were taken from thick leaf litter and moisture laden soil near tree trunks, from two sites along the banks of the river Kunthi (Kunthipuzha). One site was in the buffer zone (Mukkali) and one in the core region (Sairandhri). The Sairandhri region forms the gateway of Silent Valley. The type locality of the new species is known for its ancient history and relict ant taxa ( Bharti & Akbar 2013a , b, c, 2015; Dad et al. 2019 ). FIGURE 2. Syllophopsis peetersi sp. nov. Holotype worker. ( a ) Head, full-face view; ( b ) Body, lateral view; ( c ) Body, dorsal view; ( d ) Type locality of new species. FIGURE 3. SEM of Syllophopsis peetersi sp. nov. (worker), Head. ( a ) full face-view; ( b ) lateral-view, eye (E); ( c ) eyes with 9-ommatidia; ( d ) curved sensilla in-between eye ommatidia; ( e ) median clypeus with two teeth, anteromedian seta (MCS), anterior tentorial pit (at), frontal carina (Frc), clypeus (Clp), mandible (Md); ( f–g ) sculptured mandibles with 4-teeth and one denticle on second basal tooth; ( h ) anterior tentorial pit, enlarged; ( i ) antennal basal socket, torulus (to), torular lobe (tol); ( j–k ) enlarged basal socket with antennal bulbus having series of sensilla trichodea; ( l–m ) enlarged sensilla trichodea and its basal socket. FIGURE 4. SEM of Syllophopsis peetersi sp. nov. Antenna. ( a ) bulbus (Bb), scape (Scp), pedicel (pe), 3-segmented antennal club (Clb); ( b–c ) scape (Scp) with long sensilla chaetica (Sch); ( d–g ) few curved sensilla trichodea with some of them having grooved surfaces; ( h–j ) pedicel and other flagellomere mostly with sensilla trichodea; ( k ) sensilla trichodea curvata (tc) and sensilla trichodea II (tII) of apical antennal segment; ( l–m ) dense sensilla concentration on terminal flagellomere; ( n–r ) sensilla trichodea curvata (tc), sensilla basiconica (b) sensilla trichodea (t), sensilla trichodea II (tII), sensilla ampullacea (a) and sensilla coeloconica (c); ( n ) sensilla trichodea curvata (tc); ( o ) basiconica and sensilla trichodea mostly occur as paired; ( p–q ) small pores of sensilla ampullacea (a) and sensilla coeloconica (c); ( r ) granulated or porous surface of terminal antennal segment; ( s–t ) head surface with sensilla trichodea and sclerotic microtrichia; ( u ) fine structure of the sensillum trichodea basal part; ( v–w ) general cuticle surface; ( x ) short curved hairs of tentorial pits. FIGURE 5. SEM of Syllophopsis peetersi sp. nov. meso- and metasoma. ( a ) Lateral view of mesosoma with, pronotum (NI), mesonotum (N2), metanotum (N3), propodeum (IT), petiole (P), coxa (Cx), and trochanter (Tr); ( b ) dorsal view of mesosoma; ( c–d ) striolate metanotal groove; ( e–g ) propodeal spiracle and metapleural gland opening; ( f ) propodeal spiracle (enlarged); ( g ) metapleural gland opening (enlarged); ( h–i ) petiole and postpetiole; ( j ) gastral tergites and sting; ( k ) terminal gastral segment opening; ( l–m ) dorsal and lateral view of metasoma, postpetiole (PP), first to fourth tergite (t1–t4). FIGURE 6. SEM of Syllophopsis peetersi sp. nov. Legs. ( a ) femur (Fe), tibia (Tb), calcar of strigil (Ca), basitarsus (Btar), tarsus (T); ( b–c ) tibia (Tb), calcar (Ca); ( d–e ) calcar enlarged surface with groves; ( f ) basitarsus (Btar); ( g–j ) enlarged basitarsus with notch and modified spatulate setae; ( k–m ) claws with arolium and long curved setae; ( n–o ) tarsomere (tar 1–tar 3) with stout sensilla trichodea. The majority of the species in the genus have been collected via Winkler sampling, inhabiting leaf litter from the tropical rainforests (AntWeb 2021), and same holds true for the new species described here. The species appears rare, with a restricted distribution. However, it is quite possible that the species occurs elsewhere in southern India and Sri Lanka , in areas with similar habitat. Etymolog y. The species epithet honours the late Professor Christian Peeters and is a masculine genitive noun. The name ‘Peeters’ is derived from the Greek root word Petrus (‘rock’ or ‘stone’) which also appropriately symbolises the foundational stature of Prof. Christian Peeters’ work in the study of ants.