On the genus Pachygnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Albertine Rift of Burundi, with the description of three new species Author Nzigidahera, Benoît Author Jocqué, Rudy text European Journal of Taxonomy 2014 2014-08-13 93 1 16 journal article 32665 10.5852/ejt.2014.93 681a7921-7956-4bdf-96cd-18cd433467e6 830654 5560D3E8-0A4A-45EF-9108-8F9E23F5520F Pachygnatha ventricosa sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:356C3177-C153-47D7-865B-7FDF1CE821E1 Figs 1 J–O, 4A–H, 5B Diagnosis Males of P. ventricosa sp. nov. are recognized by details of the palp: the paracymbium has a broad basal part with semicircular retrolateral swelling and small triangular prolateral extension; the cymbium has two parts: a broad basal part, divided from the parallel-sided distal part by a deep, membranous indentation. This resembles that of P. bispiralis sp. nov. , but the narrow central part of the cymbium is much longer and not membranous. In Pachygnatha intermedia sp. nov. there is a central membranous cymbial area but the shape of that sclerite is very different. This is somewhat similar to that of P. kiwuana Strand, 1913 but the distal part of the paracymbium is much longer and well separated from the basal part in P. ventricosa sp. nov. Females are characterized by external genitalia with a sclerotised and transverse expansion of the upper lip forming a rectangular shape. Etymology The specific name ventricosa refers to the inflated, belly-shaped lateral part of the paracymbium on the male palp. Type material examined Holotype BURUNDI : ♂ , Kibira National Park , Rwegura , Mt Musumba , 02.86445°S , 029.49640°E , site 5, forest with Carapa grandiflora and Polyscias fulva , 10 Jul. 2008 , 2252 m, pitfalls , B. Nzigidahera ( MRAC 226777 ) . Paratypes BURUNDI : 1 ♂ , Kibira National Park , Rwegura , Mt Musumba (same locality for all paratypes ), 02.86435°S , 029.49540°E , site 7 , tea plantation , 26 Jan. 2008 , 2100 m , pitfalls , B. Nzigidahera ( INECN ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Sep. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Apr. 2008 ( MRAC 226536 ) ; 1 ♀ , 02.86435°S , 029.49546°E , site 6 , forest with Carapa grandiflora and Polyscias fulva , 26 Jan. 2008 , 2150 m ( MRAC 226766 ) ; 1 ♂ , 25 Dec. 2008 ( MRAC 226768 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 May 2008 ( MRAC 226736 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Dec. 2008 ( MRAC 226748 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Apr. 2008 ( MRAC 226531 ) ; 4 ♀♀ , 25 Aug. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 4 ♀♀ , 10 Jan. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 2 juvs : 25 Nov. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Sep. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 3 ♀♀ , 10 Aug. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♂ , 2 juvs , 02.86445°S , 029.49640°E , site 5 , forest with Carapa grandiflora and Polyscias fulva , 10 Aug. 2008 , 2252 m ( MRAC 227427 ) ; 1 ♀ , 2 juvs , 25 Jun. 2008 ( MRAC 226775 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Sep. 2008 ( MRAC 226771 ) ; 1 ♀ , 1 juv. , 10 Apr. 2008 ( MRAC 226763 ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 25 Jul. 2008 ( MRAC 226758 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Mar. 2008 ( MRAC 226754 ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 3 ♀♀ , 1 juv. , 25 Feb. 2008 ( MRAC 226734 ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 1 juv. , 25 Aug. 2008 ( MRAC 226760 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Sep. 2008 ( MRAC 336532 ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 25 Sep. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 26 Jan. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Jul. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Feb. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 02.86455°S , 029.50427°E , site 4 , forest with Macaranga neomildbraediana and Polyscias fulva , 10 Jan. 2008 , 2352 m ( MRAC 226757 ) ; 1 ♂ , 26 Jan. 2008 ( MRAC 226761 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 May 2008 ( MRAC 226750 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Sep. 2008 ( MRAC 226752 ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 23 Jun. 2008 ( MRAC 226753 ) ; 1 ♂ , 25 Nov. 2008 ( MRAC 226773 ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 25 Mar. 2008 ( MRAC 226764 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Oct. 2008 ( MRAC 226574 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Oct. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Dec. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Jul. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 5 ♀♀ , 10 Jan. 2009 ( INECN ) ; 7 ♀♀ , 25 Aug. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 10 Dec. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 8 ♀♀ , 26 Jan. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 10 Nov. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 4 ♀♀ , 25 Oct. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 25 Nov. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 02.87149°S , 029.49641°E , site 3 , forest with Hagenia abyssinica , 25 Oct. 2008 , 2444 m ( MRAC 226770 ) ; 6 ♀♀ , 26 Jan. 2008 ( MRAC 226762 ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 10 Sep. 2008 ( MRAC 226774 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Apr. 2008 ( MRAC 226769 ) ; 3 ♂♂ , 26 Jan. 2008 ( MRAC 226733 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Jun. 2008 ( MRAC 226751 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Mar. 2008 ( MRAC 226737 ) ; 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ , 3 juvs , 25 Feb. 2008 ( MRAC 226739 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Nov. 2008 ( MRAC 226740 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Dec. 2008 ( MRAC 226537 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 May 2008 ( MRAC 226523 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Nov. 2008 ( MRAC 226529 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Apr. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Mar. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♂ , 25 Jul. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 10 Apr. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 25 Aug. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Sep. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 10 ♀ , 5 juvs , 25 Feb. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 10 Sep. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 2 juvs , 10 Aug. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 25 Jan. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Nov. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 02.87060°S , 029.49669°E , site 2 , forest with Hagenia abyssinica , 25 Aug. 2008 , 2548 m ( MRAC 226749 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Sep. 2008 ( MRAC 226767 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Sep. 2008 ( MRAC 226742 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Sep. 2008 ( MRAC 226745 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Apr. 2008 ( MRAC 226755 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Dec. 2008 ( MRAC 226542 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Dec. 2008 ( MRAC 226570 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Jan. 2008 ( MRAC 226526 ) ; 1 ♂ , 2 juvs , 25 Jul. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 1 juv. , 10 Feb. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Mar. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 2 juv. , 25 Feb. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 4 ♀♀ , 3 juvs , 02.87696°S , 029.49709°E , site 1 , forest mountain heather, Phillipia benguelensis , 10 Mar. 2008 , 2650 m ( MRAC 226743 ) ; 2 ♂♂ , 2 juvs , 10 Sep. 2008 ( MRAC 226776 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Jun. 2008 ( MRAC 226746 ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Sep. 2008 ( MRAC 226759 ) ; 3 ♀♀ , 5 juvs , 25 Mar. 2008 ( MRAC 226778 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Aug. 2008 ( MRAC 226765 ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 25 Feb. 2008 ( MRAC 226744 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Mar. 2008 ( MRAC 226741 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Mar. 2008 ( MRAC 226712 ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 10 Mar. 2008 ( MRAC 226530 ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Nov. 2008 ( MRAC 226541 ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Oct. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Nov. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 25 Feb. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 25 Aug. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 6 ♀♀ , 25 Feb. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 25 Jun. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 10 Jan. 2009 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 25 Mar. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 10 Nov. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Jun. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♀ , 10 Jul. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 25 Oct. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 1 juv. , 25 Jul. 2008 ( INECN ) ; 1 ♂ , 10 Jul. 2008 ( MRAC 226738 ) . Fig. 4. Pachygnatha ventricosa sp. nov. A . Male palp, ventral view. B . Male palp, retrolateral view. C . Male chelicera, frontal view. D . Male chelicera, ventral view. E . Female chelicera, ventral view. F . Female chelicera, frontal view. G . Female abdomen, ventral view. H . Female external genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: AF, H = 0.1 mm; G = 1 mm. Description Male Holotype , Figs 1 J–L, 4A–D. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.47, carapace 1.67 long, 1.34 wide. CARAPACE. Pale brown, prominent anteriorly, with a mediodorsal longitudinal dark brown band and two lateral margin dark brown bands. EYES. AME: 0.14, ALE 0.12, PLE: 0.12, PME 0.20, AME-AME: 0.04, PME-PME<0.02, AME-ALE: 0.10, PME-PLE: 0.12, ALE-PLE: 0.00, MOQ: AW: 0.32, PW: 0.38, L: 0.34. CHELICERAE. ( Fig. 4 C–D). Yellowish brown, three promarginal teeth, three retromarginal teeth, an additional, promarginal cylindrical spur and a sharp apical spur. STERNUM. Yellowish brown with a sharp sclerotised point at each end of the straight anterior margin; intercoxal sclerites present. Labium brown. LEGS. Yellowish brown; one thin slightly recurved dorsal distal spine on patellae; no further spines. ABDOMEN. Dorsum pale grey with irregular, connected dark grey spots in almost two longitudinal lines mixed with silvery spots; venter yellowish grey, convex grey line and two silvery spots in two longitudinal lines. Spinnerets pale yellowish brown. Fig. 5. A . Pachygnatha intermedia sp. nov. Female genitalia, cleared, ventral view. B . Pachygnatha ventricosa sp. nov. Female genitalia, cleared, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. PALP. ( Fig. 4 A–B). Retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp at tip, ventral tibial apophysis broad, blade-shaped. Paracymbium long, broad on one side towards the base, with small horn to almost middle part of other side. Embolus long, running spirally to the cymbium tip, supported by conductor. LEG MEASUREMENTS

Leg	Fe	Pa	T	Mt	t	Total
I	2.28	0.60	0.40	2.00	1.00	6.28
II	2.08	0.60	2.12	1.80	0.80	7.4
III	1.36	0.52	1.20	1.08	0.52	4.68
IV	2.40	0.48	1.76	1.76	0.68	7.08

Female Paratype , MRAC 226536, Figs 1 M–O, 4E–H, 5B. Very similar to male. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.32. Carapace 1.72 long, 1.36 wide. EYES. AME: 0.14, ALE: 0.12, PME: 0.20, PLE: 0 12, AME-AME: 0.06, PME-PME: 0.02, ALE-PLE: 0.00, AME-ALE: 0.10, PME-PLE: 0.12; MOQ: AW: 0.40, PW: 0.32, L: 0.40. CHELICERAE. ( Fig. 4 E–F). Yellowish brown, 3 promarginal teeth, 3 retromarginal teeth, both margins with short, sharp distal spur. LEGS. With some vague grey spots on articulations of femora and patella and the tip of tibia; one spine on patella. EXTERNAL GENITALIA. ( Figs 4 G–H, 5B). A simple, horizontal slit with an inferior part highly sclerotised laterally, superior one blade-shape and connected to inferior one by hyaline extension in two extremities; a sclerotised fold along the superior part. LEG MEASUREMENTS

Legs	Fe	Pa	T	Mt	t	Total
I	2.40	0.68	2.80	2.12	1.00	9.00
II	2.20	0.68	2.16	1.80	0.88	7.72
III	1.48	0.52	1.16	1.12	0.56	4.84
IV	2.12	0.48	1.80	1.72	0.52	6.64

Other material examined BURUNDI : 1 ♀ , Kibira National Park , Rwegura , forêt de Rwegura , 02.89891°S , 29.50405°E , site 1 , tea plantation , 30 Sep. 2004 , 1970 m, pitfalls , B. Nzigidahera ( INECN ) ; 1 ♂ , same locality, 28 Feb. 2005 ( MRAC 227618 ) ; 2 ♀♀ , 1 juv. , same locality, 02.89565°S , 029.50345°E , site 2 , forest with Polyscias fulva and Macaranga neomildbraediana , 30 Sep. 2004 , 2120 m ( INECN ) ; 2 ♀♀ , same locality, 0289562°S, 02950221°E, site 3 , forest with Polyscias fulva and Hagenia abyssinica , 15 Mar. 2005 , 2160 m ( MRAC 227616 ) ; 1 ♀ , same locality, 02.90249°S , 029.51345°E , forest with Macaranga neomildbreadiana and Xymalos monospora , 26 Jul. 2003 , 2223 m ( INECN ) . Distribution Known only from the type locality.