A new species of Galene de Haan, 1833 (Galenidae: Brachyura) from the middle Miocene of Zagros Mountains, Iran Author Khosravi, Erfan School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Author Sari, Alireza School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Author Mirziee-Ataabadi, Majid Departments of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. Author Gholamalian, Hossein Departments of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Iran. Author Hyžný, Matúš Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, SVK- 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovakia. & Department of Geology and Paleontology, Natural History Museum, Vienna, Burgring 7, A- 1010 Vienna, Austria. & School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. text Zootaxa 2022 2022-04-01 5124 2 139 154 journal article 20032 10.11646/zootaxa.5124.2.2 35f6031f-a9a3-4d6c-ba9e-187e617c65c5 1175-5326 6404962 78F24E28-48AB-4D69-B4D7-D1AA92731606 Family Galenidae Alcock, 1898 Remarks . Galene has been classified in the Xanthidae (e.g., Balss 1957 ; Glaessner 1969 ; Takeda 1976 ), whereas Guinot (1969a , 1969b , 1969c , 1971 ) assigned Galene to “ Goneplacidae pilumniens sensu lato ”. This suggestion was followed by a number of scholars ( Ng 1998 ; Schweitzer 2000 ; Ng e t al . 2001; Hsueh & Huang 2002 ; Ng et al . 2008 ), who classified Galene within (or close to) the Pilumnidae . Ng et al. (2008) summarized the taxonomic history of Galenidae , which was included in the superfamily Pilumnoidea . The family Galenidae Alcock, 1898 , as currently recognized, consists of four genera ( Ng et al. 2008 ; De Grave et al . 2009 ; Ng & Guinot 2021 ; Ng & Mitra 2021 ): Dentoxanthus Stephensen, 1946 ; Galene de Haan, 1833 ; Halimede de Hann, 1835 ; and Parapanope de Man, 1895 . The fossil record of Galenidae is limited to representatives of Galene and Halimede ( Schweitzer et al. 2010 ) . Although there are some difficulties in a detailed morphological diagnosis of Galenidae, Guinot et al . (2013) denote the emergence of the penis from P5 coxo-sternal condyle as a diagnostic trait of this family; however, it is not usually possible to study such fragile elements in fossils.