Cervidae Author Don E. Wilson Author Russell A. Mittermeier text 2011 2011-08-31 Lynx Edicions Barcelona Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals 350 443 book chapter 58517 10.5281/zenodo.6514377 58bf4faf-7498-4c12-bcb3-b6f085b58978 978-84-96553-77-4 6514377 16. Calamian Deer Axis calamianensis French: Cerf des Calamian / German: Calamian-Schweinshirsch / Spanish: Axis de Calamianes Taxonomy. Cervus calamianensis Heude, 1888 , Calamian Islands. It has previously been treated as a subspecies of A. porcinus . Monotypic. Distribution. Calamian Is (Busuanga, Calauit, Culion, Marily & Dimaquiat). Descriptive notes. Head-body on average 130 cm , tail 20 cm , shoulder height 60— 75 cm ; weight 35-50 kg. Medium-sized, relatively long-legged deer with a bushy tail; males have prominent pedicles and short three-tined antlers 20-30 cm in length. The coat is tawny brown, with legs much darker than body; the muzzle is whitish. Habitat. It lives in grasslands, open woodlands, secondary forests. Food and Feeding. It primarily feeds on forbs and grasses but also on leaves and twigs. Breeding. Females attain puberty at about 8-15 months of age. After a gestation of around 222-226 days they give birth to a single fawn weighing 1.1-6 kg. Fawns are able to suckle an hour after birth. Weaning occurs after 4-6 months. Activity patterns. It is diurnal and crepuscular. Movements, Home range and Social organization. It is often observed in small groups. Status and Conservation. CITES Annex I. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. In 1996 the total population size was estimated at 550 animals. It is decreasing; hunting pressure and agricultural expansion are major threats. Bibliography. Groves & Grubb (1987), Villamor (1987, 1991), Wemmer (1998).