A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae Author Zheng, Jinshui Author Wittouck, Stijn Author Salvetti, Elisa Author Franz, Charles M. A. P. Author Harris, Hugh M. B. Author Mattarelli, Paola Author O’Toole, Paul W. Author Pot, Bruno Author Vandamme, Peter Author Walter, Jens Author Watanabe, Koichi Author Wuyts, Sander Author Felis, Giovanna E. Author Gänzle, Michael G. Author Lebeer, Sarah text International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2020 2020-04-01 70 4 2782 2858 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 journal article 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 1466-5034 DESCRIPTION OF LACTICASEIBACILLUS PARACASEI COMB. NOV. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (pa.ra.ca’se.i. Gr. prep. para resembling; N.L. gen. n. casei a species epithet; N.L. gen. n. paracasei resembling Lactobacillus casei ). Basonym: Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al . 1989 , 107 VP Strains of this species including strains previously referred to as L. casei subsp. alactosus , L. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum and L. casei subsp. tolerans were transferred from L. casei [ 168 ]. Original characteristics of L. paracasei strains are described in [ 168 ]. Cells have superoxide dismutase activity [ 47 ], are rods (0.8–1.0×2.0–4.0 µm), often with square ends, occurring singly or in chains. Growth is observed between 10 and 40 °C. Some strains grow at 5 and 45 °C. Two subspecies are validly published. The genome size of the type strain is 2.88 Mbp. The mol% G+C content of DNA is 46.5. Strains of this species have a nomadic lifestyle and were isolated from a variety of courses including the human oral cavity [ 169 ], fermented cereals, vegetables, meats, dairy products and in invertebrate hosts. The type strain is DSM 5622 T = ATCC 25302 T = AS 1.2826 T = JCM 8130 T = LMG 13087 T . Genome sequence accession number: AZGH00000000. 16S rRNA gene accession number of the type strain: D79212 . Two subspecies are recognized: Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans .