A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea Author Chen, Xin Author He, Hai Author Zhang, Li-Bing 1 Department of Botany, College of Boology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Xuanwu Qu, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China 2 College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400047, P. R. China 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. and Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China * Authors for correspondence: e-mails: hehaicq @ yahoo. com; libing. zhang @ mobot. org hehaicq@yahoo.com text Phytotaxa 2015 2015-10-02 229 1 448 450 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 1179-3163 13632375 61. Anisophyllea sarawakensis Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He , sp. nov. ( Figure 120 ) Type :— MALAYSIA . Sarawak : Nyabau Bintulu , 4 th Division , 40 m , 21 June 1966 , Ding Hou 322 ( holotype K-H2008/0021891!, isotypes L-0520741!, MO-2369079 !) . Diagnosis:— Anisophyllea sarawakensis is most similar to A. sabahensis in having petioles 3–6 mm long, pedicels tomentose, styles 0.6–1.0 mm long, but the former has buds glabrous, bracts glabrous, styles ca. 0.6 mm long, and leaves yellowish green when dry; in contrast, the latter has buds densely pubescent, bracts tomentose, styles 0.8–1.0 mm long, and leaves dark brown when dry. Trees to 14 m tall, 15 cm in diam.; bark grayish brown, cracking, outer bark soft and thin, inner bark and exposed woods lightly brown; young branches tenuous and sparsely pubescent with brown hairs ca. 0.25 mm long, glabrescent when mature, smooth and yellowish green when dry; buds glabrous. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 0.8–3.5 cm long, between two adjacent different types of leaves 2–10 mm long; small leaves caducous, only leaving small scars on young branches; large leaves petiolate, petiole 3–5 mm long, 1.1–1.4 mm in diam., glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 9–14 cm long, 3.0– 6.2 cm wide, base slightly oblique, obtuse, rounded, or acute, apex acuminate or caudate with tips to 2 cm long, chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, yellowish green and lustrous adaxially, yellowish brown and matte abaxially when dry, glabrous on both surfaces; main longitudinal veins 5, springing from blade base, middle three veins (midrib and its two adjacent lateral veins) bold, outermost two veins rather fine, 0.5–1.3 mm distant from margins, prominent and raised on both surfaces; transverse veins numerous, sub-parallel or irregular, at angles of 60–70° with midrib; veinlets tessellate and slightly prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescence a supra-axillary raceme or a loosely branched panicle, in 2–4 serials, with both female and male flowerers in the same inflorescence; rachis to 9 cm long, 0.5–1.6 mm in diam., flattened when dry, unevenly with fascicled flowers or short branches (distance between adjacent flora fascicles or branches 1.0– 5.5 mm long), sparsely tomentose or glabrescent except at base of floral fascicles or short branches, where densely tomentose with matted rusty hairs ca. 0.08 mm long; bracts small, deltoid, 0.25–0.60 mm long, 0.16–0.20 mm wide, glabrous, each with one axillary flower; flowers unisexual, 4- merous, yellowish green; female flowers sessile, ca. 1.3 mm long, receptacle cylindric, ±quadrangular, ca. 0.5 mm long, 0.7 mm in diam., densely tomentose with matted hairs outside; sepals deltoid, ca. 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide at base, incurved, glabrous adaxially, farinose abaxially and obvious on margins; petals minute, deltoid, 0.1–0.2 mm long, 0.06 mm wide at base, glabrous, margins farinose; sterile stamens 8, equal in length, subulate, ca. 0.2 mm long, anthers ovate, ca. 0.1 mm long; disk lobes slightly bulged between stamens and enclosing styles, pubescent; styles 4, free, exserted, ca. 0.6 mm long, base conical, 0.25 mm in diam., distally attenuate, pubescent with yellowish hairs ca. 0.06 mm long; male flowers pedicellate, pedicels 0.6–1.6 mm long (longer than flowers), 0.25–0.30 mm in diam., sparsely tomentose; sepals ovate or deltoid, 0.7–1.0 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide at base, glabrous adaxially, farinose abaxially; petals and disk as female flowers; stamens 8, equal in length, ca. 0.6 mm long, filaments fleshy, thickened and compressed at base, ca. 0.25 mm wide, farinose, anthers small, ca. 0.16 mm long; pistil rudimentary, styles 4, subulate, ca. 0.25 mm long, 0.2 mm wide at base, pubescent as female flowers. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, 4.0– 6.5 cm in diam., yellowish green (immature). Flowering and fruiting: —June–September. Habitat and distribution: —In rain forests; below 400 m ; Brunei ( Belait , Tutong ); Indonesia ( East Kalimantan ); Malaysia ( Sarawak ) ( Figure 121 ). Vernacular names: —Iban: Mertama . Taxonomic notes: —Besides the above-mentioned differences between Anisophyllea sarawakensis and A. sabahensis , the large leaves of this species have apex more often caudate and with tips to 2 cm long, the fruits of this species (though immature) showed more ovoid in shape rather than ellipsoid as in A. sabahensis . The dimorphic leaves of this species were inferred from the remaining scars on the young branches, while we did not detect small leaf scars on any available herbarium material of A. sabahensis . 156 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press CHEN ET AL. FIGURE 120. Anisophyllea sarawakensis Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He. —A. Flowering branch ( Ding HOU 322 ; isotype, L- 0520741). —B. Female flower. —C. Male flower. —D. Petal. —E. Stamen of female flower. —F. Stamen of male flower. —G. Styles and disk of male flower (Drawn by Fang Cui). MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 157 FIGURE 121. Geographical distribution of Anisophyllea sarawakensis Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He. The epithet is from the name of one of the two states of Malaysia in the Borneo island , Sarawak, where the type specimens were collected . Additional specimens examined: — BRUNEI . Belait : Andulau F . R ., 24 April 1957 , P . S . Ashton S . 5925 ( L ); Mempakul : Lilipan Hill , 05 June 1932 , Goklin 2300 ( L ) . Tutong : 04°43’00”N 114°38’00”E , 25 September 1991 , Ariffin Kalat ARK 118 ( K ) . INDONESIA . East Kalimantan : Berau , Inhutani aera, Labanan , 13 km , 02°05’4.71”N 117°17’7.37”E , 22 June 1997 , Z . Arifin Beran 562 ( L ) . MALAYSIA . Sarawak : Bkt. Goram , on right bank of Ulu Sg. Apah , Sut , Kapit , 7 th Div. , 400 m , 06 March 1975 , Ilias Paie S . 36263 ( L , MO ); Nyabau Bintulu , 4 th Division , 50 m , 22 June 1966 , Ding Hou 335 ( K , L ); Nyabau Bintulu 4 th Division, 12 June 1966 , Sibat ak Luang S . 24524 ( L ); Nyabau Bintulu 4 th Division , 26 June1966 , Sibat ak Luang S . 24908 ( L ); Ulu Kakus , Anap 4 th Division , 08 March 1970 , Othman Haron S . 29985 ( L ).