The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide Author Gravili, Cinzia Author Vito, Doris De Author Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di Author Martell, Luis Author Piraino, Stefano Author Boero, Ferdinando text Zootaxa 2015 3908 1 1 187 journal article 42365 10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1 6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae 1175-5326 242729 D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE Pachycordyle napolitana Weismann, 1883 Fig. 6 A–C See Schuchert (2004) for a complete synonymy. FIGURE 6. Pachycordyle napolitana : A , hydranth; B , mature male medusoid; C , mature female medusoid (B, C same scale bar) (redrawn and modified after Schuchert 2004 by A. Gennari). Scale bars: A, 0.4 mm; B, C, 0.3 mm. Material examined. HCUS-S 0 0 6 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula). Description (based on our own observations; Motz-Kossowska 1905 as Cordylophora annulata and Perigonimus neapolitanus ; Schuchert 2004 ): Hydroid. Hydrorhiza reticular; colonies stolonal; hydrocaulus as pedicels usually less than 5 mm long, unbranched or rarely branched once, slender basally and widening distally; perisarc moderately thin, wrinkled throughout and terminating at base of hydranth; hydranths club-shaped; hypostome dome-shaped to fusiform; with 12–24 filiform tentacles in 3 or 4 close whorls, tentacles of one whorl alternating with those of adjacent whorls, proximal tentacles often smaller than distal ones. Colours: hydranth body orange or reddish, hypostome whitish. Eumedusoid: 1–3 per hydranth pedicel, on short wrinkled stalk completely invested with detritus-covered perisarc, arising at some distance below hydranth; mature gonophore medusoid with a distinct subumbrella, short collar projecting into subumbrella; radial canal absent; circular canal presumably absent; vestigial manubrium simple and large; below manubrium a bubble-like gastrodermal chamber; gonads encircling manubrium in a thick layer. Females with 100– 150 eggs. Immature male gonophores resembling sporosacs; mature male sporosacs also medusoid and identical to female ones. Cnidome. Desmonemes and microbasic euryteles. Habitat type . Colonies usually grow on gastropod shells, mostly on muddy bottoms; known to occur in depths from a few meters to about 40 m ( Boero & Fresi 1986 ; Schuchert 2004 ). Substrate. Mollusca ( Fusinus rostratus , Murex spp.) and other organisms, including sea grasses. Seasonality. May, November–December in the Ligurian Sea ( Boero & Fresi 1986 ); May and June in Salento waters (De Vito 2006; this study). Reproductive period. May in the Tyrrhenian Sea ( Stechow 1919 ); June in Salento waters (De Vito 2006; this study). Distribution. Mediterranean (see Medel & López-González 1996 ; Bouillon et al. 2004; Schuchert 2004 ; Gravili et al . 2008a ), Bermuda ( Calder 1988 ), Puerto Rico ( Wedler & Larson 1986 as Clavopsella annulata ). Records in Salento. Rare at Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006; Gravili et al. 2008a ; this study). Remarks. Pachycordyle navis , never recorded from the Mediterranean, is quite similar to the present species and occurs in brackish waters ( Schuchert 2004 ). The difference of biotopes (marine vs brackish) suggests that the two nominal species are distinct. References. Hargitt (1904) , Motz-Kossowska (1905) , Lo Bianco (1909) , Mayer (1910) , Stechow (1912 , 1919 , 1923 ), Rodríguez-Rosillo (1914), Neppi (1921) , Picard (1951a , 1958a ), Riedl (1959) , Kramp (1961) , Chimenz Gusso & Taramelli Rivosecchi (1975) , Marinopoulos (1979) , Boero (1981a , b ), Morri (1981a , b ), Morri (1985), Piraino & Morri (1990) , Piraino et al. (1999) , Morri & Bianchi (1985) , Boero & Fresi (1986) , Piraino & Morri (1990) , Medel & López-González (1996) , Bouillon et al. (2004), Schuchert (2004) , De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006), Gravili et al. (2008a) .