Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key Author Bush, Sarah E. text Zootaxa 2017 2017-08-31 4313 1 1 443 journal article 32249 10.11646/zootaxa.4313.1.1 d8cc2cd8-8410-49aa-a75d-7a41d9f52b26 1175-5326 883161 A5Fdfba5-F992-44A8-84C2-1756C943C19B Resartor Gustafsson & Bush , new genus Brueelia Kéler, 1936a : 257 ( in partim ). Type species. Brueelia impressifrons Ansari, 1956a : 152 ex Trochalopteron affine affine Blyth, 1843 . Diagnosis. Resartor n. gen. is most similar to Ceratocista n. gen. ; for a detailed comparison between these two genera see Ceratocista . Lack of pos and pns , as well as general habitus similar to Aratricerca n. gen. ( Figs 168– 174 ) and Turdinirmoides n. gen. ( Figs 175–181 ), and members of these two genera also have thumb-like median extensions on the ventral carinae and slender proximal mesosomes. Leg chaetotaxy of Ceratocista , Resartor , and Aratricerca , but not Turdinirmoides , is identical, and aps are absent in both sexes in all four genera. However, while in Ceratocista ( Fig. 154 ) and Resartor ( Fig. 162 ) the females lack ss entirely, these are found in tergopleurites II–VIII in both Aratricerca ( Fig. 169 ) and Turdinirmoides ( Fig. 176 ). In both Aratricerca ( Fig. 170 ) and Turdinirmoides ( Fig. 177 ) the dorsal preantennal suture reaches dsms , ads , and the lateral margin of the head near the dsms , where the marginal carina may be interrupted, and both genera have a ventral anterior plate. In Resartor ( Fig. 163 ), as in Ceratocista ( Fig. 155 ), the dorsal preantennal suture only interrupts the marginal carina submedianly, and does not reach either the dsms nor the ads ; Resartor lacks a ventral anterior plate, but this is present in Ceratocista . The female subgenital plate of Resartor flares into a mediany interrupted cross-piece ( Fig. 167 ), just like in Ceratocista ( Fig. 160 ), but unlike Aratricerca which has a gently narrowed subgenital plate without a cross-piece ( Fig. 174 ); the vulval margin in Turdinirmoides ( Fig. 181 ) has a detached cross-piece. Parameral heads of Resartor are bifid ( Fig. 166 ), as in Aratricerca ( Fig. 173 ) and Ceratocista ( Fig. 159 ), but unlike Turdinirmoides ( Fig. 180 ) in which they are folded into horseshoe-shapes. Parameral blades and mesosome of Resartor ( Figs 165–166 ) are also most similar to those of Ceratocista ( Figs 158–159 ), but Resartor shares the somewhat angular mesosomal lobes and slender proximal mesosome with Aratricerca n. gen ( Fig. 172 ); the differences is structure of the male genitalia are considerable between the two genera, however. Description. Both sexes . Head elongated pentagonal ( Fig. 163 ), frons often concave. Marginal carina interrupted only submarginally. Displaced section of marginal carina present at osculum, forming nail-like marginal carinal plate with sinuous posterior margin. Dorsal preantennal suture arising from interruptions of marginal carina not reaching ads or dsms ; suture not medianly continuous posterior to dorsal anterior plate. Ventral carinae with finger-like median protrusion; carinae diffuse anterior to pulvinus. Ventral anterior plate absent. Head setae as in Fig. 163 ; avs2 much shorter than avs3 ; pns and pos absent. Coni small. Antennae monomorphic. Temporal carinae not visible; mts 3 only macrosetae. Gular plate roughly triangular. Prothorax roughly rectangular ( Figs 161–162 ), but lateral margins convex; ppss on postero-latera corner. Proepimera hammer-shaped medianly. Pterothorax pentagonal; lateral margins divergent and posterior margin convergent to median point ( Figs 161–162 ). Meso- and metasterna not fused, 1 seta on postero-lateral corner on each side of each plate. mms widely separated medianly. Leg chaetotaxy as in Fig. 25 , except fI-p2, fI-v4 absent. Abdomen ( Figs 161–162 ) oblong. Abdominal chaetotaxy differs among species ( Table 5 ). Terminal end of abdomen rounded in male, shallowly divided in female. Tergopleurites II–IX+X in male and tergopleurites II–VIII in females narrowly divided medianly, rectangular. Female tergopleurite IX+X fused with tergopleurite XI. Sternal plates square-shaped, not approaching pleurites. Pleural incrassations prominent. Re-entrant heads moderate to large. Male subgenital plate trapezoidal. Female subgenital plate pentagonal ( Fig. 167 ), reaching vulval margin where it flares into medianly displaced cross-piece. TABLE 5. Chaetotaxy of abdominal segments II–VIII of males of Resartor . Trichoid setae of segment VIII are present in all species, and are not listed. Sets of setae differing from those of Re. impressifrons are highlighted in bold . Material examined from all species is from their respective type hosts. Abbreviations: aps = accessory post-spiracular seta; psps = principal post-spiracular seta; ps = paratergal seta; ss = sutural seta; sts = sternal seta; tps = tergal posterior seta.

Species	ps	aps	psps	tps	ss	sts
Re. impressifrons	IV–VIII	–	IV–VII	VI–VIII	II–VIII	II–VI
Re. effronte	III–VIII	–	III–VII	IV–VIII	II–VIII	II–VI
Re. novofacies	IV–VIII	–	IV–VII	IV–VIII	II–VIII	II–VI

Male genitalia as in Fig. 164 . Proximal mesosome slender, roughly trapezoidal, wideing slightly in proximal end. Gonopore ( Fig. 165 ) as convergent ventral thickenings, open distally and proximally or only distally and extended to reach lateral margins of mesosome. Mesosomal lobes small, angular, extending dorsally to slightly overlap with parameres. Parameral heads ( Fig. 166 ) bifid or folded into small heart-shapes. Parameral blades triangular; pst1–2 not visible, but all examined males with partially everted male genitalia, and these could be overlooked. Host distribution. All known species are found on members of Leiothrichidae . Geographical range. Presently know only from South Asia. Etymology. Resartor is formed by Latin “ sartor ”, meaning “tailor”, with the prefix “ re- ” meaning “back, again”; the full name thus means “The Re-tailor”, and is modified from the title of Thomas Carlyle's ( 1795–1881 ) “ Sartor Resartus ”, first published in Fraser's Magazine between 1833–1834 . The name is partially a homage to the idea, first suggested by Hamilton & Zuk (1982) , that parasites could be the cause of colorful and extravagant plumages in birds; lice could thus be said to be “re-tailoring” the plumages of their hosts. However, there is also a likeness between the head structure the species of this genus and the structure of the needle plate of many modern sewing machines, reinforcing the “tailoring” impression of these lice. Gender: masculine. Remarks. The phylogeny of Bush et al . (2016) included a single undescribed species of Resartor from Trochalopteron milnei (David, 1874) , which was placed as sister to an undescribed Aratricerca from Randia pseudozosterops Delacour and Berlioz, 1931 . These two in turn were placed close to Indoceoplanetes n. gen. and Maculinirmus , but the placement received low support. However, no representative of several morphologically similar genera were included in that phylogeny, and the relationships among Resartor and Turdinirmus and Turdinirmoides n. gen. are unclear. Included species * Resartor effronte ( Ansari, 1956a: 155 ) n. comb. [in Brueelia ] * Resartor impressifrons ( Ansari, 1956a: 152 ) n. comb. [in Brueelia ] * Resartor novofacies ( Ansari, 1956a: 154 ) n. comb. [in Brueelia ]