A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles donquickei Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 72 , 73 Female. Body length 2.02 mm , antenna length 2.37 mm , fore wing length 2.22 mm . Type material. Holotype : COSTA RICA • 1♀ ; 01-SRNP-5776, DHJPAR0000020; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Alajuela , Sector Rincon Rain Forest , Vado Rio Francia ; 400 m , 10.90093 , -85.28915 , 13.ix.2001 ; Freyci Vargas leg.; caterpillar collected in second instar; single row of gray cordwood cocoons on each side of cadaver caterpillar, each cocoon at right angles to the long axis of the caterpillar, cocoons formed on 23.ix.2001 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 02.x.2001 ; ( CNC ) . Paratypes . • 82 ( 3♀ , 4♂ ) ( 68♀ , 7♂ ); 01-SRNP-5776, DHJPAR0000020; same data as for holotype; ( CNC ) . Other material. Reared material. COSTA RICA : Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Santa Rosa , Cafetal : • 73 ( 4♀ , 3♂ ) ( 55♀ , 11♂ ); 93-SRNP-7203, DHJPAR0000076; 280 m , 10.85827 , -85.61089 ; 26.x.1993 ; gusaneros leg.; brown cordwood cocoons in neat rows on each side of larva; adult parasitoids emerged on 08.xi.1993 . • 67 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 59♀ , 2♂ ); 93-SRNP-7204, DHJPAR0000077; same data as for preceding except: two rows of neatly brown cordwood cocoons; adult parasitoids emerged on 09.xi.1993 . • 70 ( 4♀ , 4♂ ) ( 6♀ , 0 ♂ ); 93-SRNP-7205, DHJPAR0000078; same data as for preceding except: neat brown rows of cocoons stacked on each side of live larva. • 71 ( 3♀ , 5♂ ) ( 63♀ , 0 ♂ ); 93-SRNP-7206, DHJPAR0000079; same data as for preceding except: cocoon characteristics not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 06.xi.1993 . • 95 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 79♀ , 10♂ ); 93-SRNP-7207, DHJPAR0000080; same data as for preceding except: neat rows of brown cordwood cocoons on each side of larva; adult parasitoids emerged on 05.xi.1993 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Alajuela , Sector Rincon Rain Forest , Estacion Caribe : • 81 ( 5♀ , 4♂ ) ( 72♀ , 0 ♂ ); 09-SRNP-43316, DHJPAR0038060; 415 m , 10.90187 , -85.27495 ; 30.xi.2009 ; Jose Perez leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 08.xii.2009 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.xii.2009 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Alajuela , Sector Rincon Rain Forest , Sendero Albergue Crater : • 78 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 65♀ , 3♂ ); 10-SRNP-2700, DHJPAR0040422; rain forest; 980 m ; 10.84886 , -85.3281 ; 31.v.2010 ; Elda Araya leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.vi.2010 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Loaiciga : • 97 ( 7♀ , 7♂ ) ( 83♀ , 0 ♂ ); 06-SRNP-65171, DHJPAR0012671; rain forest, 445 m ; 11.01983 , -85.41342 ; 07.xi.2006 ; Petrona Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; neat row of cordwood cocoons on the leaf on each side of larva and formed on 19.xi.2006 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 29.xi.2006 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Estacion Pitilla : • 41 ( 5♀ , 1♂ ) ( 35♀ , 0 ♂ ); 06-SRNP-65610, DHJPAR0012676; rain forest; 675 m ; 10.98931 , -85.42581 ; 15.xii.2006 ; Petrona Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; orderly single row of cordwood cocoons on each side of cadaver, cocoons formed on 29.xii.2006 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 08.i.2007 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Pasmompa : • 76 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 66♀ , 0 ♂ ); 10-SRNP-31937, DHJPAR0041808; rain forest; 440 m ; 11.01926 , -85.40997 ; 04.ix.2010 ; Calixto Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; stacked cordwood cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate, cocoons formed on 12.ix.2010 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 20.ix.2010 . • 106 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 94♀ , 2♂ ); 10-SRNP-31938, DHJPAR0041751; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in fourth instar; single row of brown cordwood cocoons on each side of the larva and adhered to the leaf substrate, cocoons emerged on 16.ix.2010 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 23.ix.2010 . • 61 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 50♀ , 1♂ ); 10-SRNP-31939, DHJPAR0041747; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons emerged on 19.ix.2010 and adhered to the leaf substrate, cocoon characteristics not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 23.ix.2010 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Del Oro , Sendero Puertas : • 10 ( 3♀ , 0 ♂ ) ( 7♀ , 0 ♂ ); 10-SRNP-21656, DHJPAR0040439; intergrade dry-rain forest; 400 m ; 11.01087 , -85.48817 ; 23.vii.2010 ; Roster Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; single row of brown gray cordwood cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 26.vii.2010 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 05.viii.2010 . Diagnosis. Petiole on T1 virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3, finely sculptured only distally ( Fig. 72D, G ), medioposterior band of scutellum only very partially overlapping the medioanterior pit of metanotum ( Fig. 72B, C ), pronotum virtually without trace of dorsal furrow ( Fig. 72A, E ), precoxal groove deep, smooth, and shiny ( Fig. 72A, E ), fore wing with vein 1 cu-a curved, r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Fig. 72I ), dorsal outer depression on hind coxa present ( Fig. 72A, F ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets, propodeum without median longitudinal carina ( Fig. 72C ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Fig. 72D, G ). Figure 72. Glyptapanteles donquickei sp. nov. female 01-SRNP-5776 DHJPAR0000020, 10-SRNP-31939 DHJPAR0041747 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T1-2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsolateral view H Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I, J Wings I Fore J Hind. Coloration ( Fig. 72A ). General body coloration black-brown except labrum, mandibles, scape and pedicel with yellow-brown tints; all antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (yellow-brown) than ventrally (brown); glossa, maxillary and labial palps yellow. Fore and middle legs yellow except brown coxae and claws; hind legs yellow except black-brown coxae, brown apex of femora and distal half of tibiae and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 brown, but proximally with a median area yellow-brown, contours darkened, and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, and lateral ends yellow; T3 mostly dark, but with narrow lateral ends yellow; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 completely yellow; T4 yellow-brown; T5 and beyond completely dark brown. S1-3 completely yellow; S4 yellow, medially with a small brown spot; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely dark brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 72A, B, E ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.29:0.05, 0.28:0.05, 0.27:0.05), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.11:0.05, 0.08:0.05), antenna longer than body (2.37, 2.02); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face shape flat or nearly so, with dense fine punctations, interspaces with microsculpture and longitudinal median carina present. Frons punctate. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.11). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide. Mesosoma ( Fig. 72 A-C , E ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum 1/4 distal with a central dent, punctation distinct proximally with polished area distally, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS , scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM ; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and depressed centrally. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half relatively polished or with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum virtually without trace of dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally with a carina. Metasternumflat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and distinct; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped. Legs ( Fig. 72A ). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.06). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.21, 0.15), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.11). Wings ( Fig. 72I , J ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A present only proximally as tubular vein; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally straightened, subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally. Metasoma ( Fig. 72A, D, F-H ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.28, maximum width 0.14, minimum width 0.08), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.14, length T2 0.14), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.14, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.07); T2 with a distinctive row of pubescence only at the distal margin. T3 longer than T2 (0.10, 0.14) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium dense. Cocoons (Fig. 4AA). Brown or gray oval cocoon with evenly smooth silk fibers. Two rows of neat cordwood cocoons on the leaf on each side of live larvae. Comments. Both sexes with slim bodies. Male ( Fig. 73A ). Similar in coloration and shape to female. Figure 73. Habitus of Glyptapanteles donquickei sp. nov. male 10-SRNP-31939 DHJPAR0041747. Etymology. Donald (Don) L. J. Quicke is a braconidologist and hymenopterist with a long-standing interest in many diverse aspects of parasitoid biology and evolution and he is also a book writer. Currently, he is at the Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok , Thailand . Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica , ACG, Sector Del Oro (Sendero Puertas), Sector Pitilla ( Estacion Pitilla and Pasmompa ), Sector Rincon Rain Forest ( Estacion Caribe, Sendero Albergue Crater, and Vado Rio Francia ), and Sector Santa Rosa (Cafetal), during October 1993 , September 2001 , November and December 2006 , September 2009 , and May, July, and September 2010 at 280 m , 400 m , 415 m , 440 m , 445 m , and 675 m in coffee plantation, intergrade dry-rain and rain forests. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Host. Condica cupienta (Cramer) ( Noctuidae : Amphipyrinae ) feeding on Neurolaena lobata and Pluchea carolinensis ( Asteraceae ) and C. funerea (Schaus) ( Noctuidae : Amphipyrinae ) (Fig. 4AA) feeding on Neurolaena lobata ( Asteraceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second, third, fourth, and fifth instar.