Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack Author Garzón-Orduña, Ivonne J. Author Penz, Carla M. text Zootaxa 2009 2134 1 22 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.188448 10d3b521-818c-44d2-af1b-df4281f82b80 1175-5326 188448 Genus Brassolis Fabricius Robust-bodied, medium size (male FW length from 60.5 mm ( dinizi ) to 82.7 mm for ( astyra ); Fig. 2 , 3 ). Antennae short, strongly clubbed. Reduced, non-functional proboscis ( Fig. 3 E). Tibial spurs absent in both sexes. Dorsal FW brown with an orange, or orange and white postmedial band, depending on the species. Dorsal HW brown with or without an orange postmedial band, depending on the species. Males with a small, narrow patch of androconial scales below vein Cu2 ( Fig. 7 B, character 16). Sexes similar in color, males smaller than females. FW basal, costal margin in-curved in males, bowed in females. Ventral HW brown stippled with white; eyespots in cells Sc+R1 and Cu1 variable in size. Male and female genitalia remarkably uniform across species. Male gnathos absent (unique within Brassolini ); valva broad, distally curved and with apical serration ( Fig. 8 F); phallus with minute spines along the shaft and usually two to three setae on the edge of the vesica. Female sterigma projected as a flap posteriorly ( Fig. 9 C, D, E); anterior section of sterigma (lamella antevaginalis) thin and generally continuous, forming a ‘loop’. Corpus bursa lacking signa.