Phylogenetic Systematics of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae Author Means, Jackson C. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA, Author Hennen, Derek A. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA, Author Tanabe, Tsutomu Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto Author Marek, Paul E. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA, paulemarek@gmail.com text Insect Systematics and Diversity 2021 2021-03-01 5 2 1 1 26 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab003 journal article 10.1093/isd/ixab003 2399-3421 5384533 A55797AF-B8E6-4E46-8FD2-53B5C79FCEF8 Brachoria platana Means, Hennen, Marek , New Species Vernacular Name: ‘The Carr Creek Mimic Millipede’ Figs. 5O,P and 11 . Material examined: Type specimens. ♂ holotype ( VTEC MPE03250) and ♀ paratype ( VTEC MPE03253) from Kentucky , Knott County, Carr Creek State Park, woods behind campground and around marina ( 37.23148°N , - 83.00081°W , Elev. 329 m ), 27 September 2017 , 15:00, dry litter of tulip poplar, sycamore, autumn olive (Coll: J. C. Means and D. A. Hennen). Material examined listed in Supp Table 2 (online only). Diagnosis: Adult males of Brachoria platana n. sp. are distinct from other apheloriine species based on the following combination of characters: Gonopods. Gonopodal acropodite curving dorsomedially at apex, with a distal cingulum, separating it from Apheloria and Rudiloria ( Fig. 11 ). Prefemoral process reduced to small ridge. Distal zone sinuous, curving first ventrally and then dorsally; in anterior view directed posteriorly at 90° from apex. Acropodite tip with lateral and medial flanges forming an envelope-like structure through which runs an elevated ridge carrying the solenomere ( Fig. 11A ). Color. Brachoria platana n. sp. has two color morphs, co-occurring. Tergites always with red or yellow paranotal spots, sometimes also with concolorous metatergal middorsal spots or stripes. Dark-brown to black background. Collum always with concolorous red or yellow anterior and lateral spots, sometimes also with a posterior spot and concolorous marginal lines connecting the spots. Fig. 9. Brachoria camptera n. sp. holotype ♂ left gonopod (VTEC MPE01398). (A) Anterior view; (B) Medial view; (C) Posterior view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Fig. 10. Brachoria cryocybe n. sp. holotype ♂ left gonopod (VTEC MPE02644). (A) Anterior view; (B) Medial view; (C) Posterior view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Fig. 11. Brachoria platana n. sp. holotype ♂ left gonopod (VTEC MPE03250). (A) Anterior view; (B) Medial view; (C) Posterior view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Description: Supp Table 3 (online only). Based on Holotype ( ♂ ) MPE03250. Measurements (mm): BL = 41.0, CW = 7.4, IW = 4.7, ISW = 1.6, B11W = 9.4, B11H = 5.4. Variation: Individuals of Brachoria platana n. sp. are known to exhibit two color morphs, 1) striped red ( Fig. 5O ) and 2) threespotted yellow ( Fig. 5P ). Ecology: Individuals of Brachoria platana n. sp. were found in a mesic deciduous forest of tulip poplar, sycamore and autumn olive by the water’s edge of Carr Creek Lake. Distribution: Brachoria platana n. sp. is known only from the type locality. Etymology: This species is named after where the holotype was discovered, in a grove of American sycamores ( Platanus occidentalis ). The specific name is a noun in apposition derived from the Latin genus name of the American sycamore, ‘ Platanus ’.