Revision of the circumglobal genus Barathronus (Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae) with a new species from the eastern North Atlantic Ocean Author Nielsen, Jørgen G. text Zootaxa 2019 2019-10-02 4679 2 231 256 journal article 22532 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.2.2 bf72ba01-7fc5-46da-81ed-0aabfd051be2 1175-5326 3772453 A3A1CEE3-DA6D-4CF8-B529-7200B987C51F Key to the species of Barathronus 1a Peritoneum dark...................................................................................... 2 1b Peritoneum transparent................................................................................. 7 2a Dark-brown pigmentation along lateral line and between head and dorsal fin...................................... 3 2b No brown pigmentation................................................................................ 4 3a Anal-fin rays 54–66; total vertebrae 74–79; heavily pigmented on sides of body...................................................................................... maculatus (from South Africa to Japan and Southeast Australia ) 3b Anal fin rays 73; total vertebrae 86; slightly pigmented on sides of body................ bruuni (Southwest Indian Ocean) 4a Anal fin rays 48–61; vertebrae 66–75..................................................................... 5 4b Anal fin rays 60–66; vertebrae 74–82..................................................................... 6 5a Fresh specimens brownish; ripe males with long and slender penis, thickness at basis of penis 13% of length of penis ( Fig. 7B )......................................................................... bicolor (West Atlantic Ocean) 5b Fresh specimens bright red; ripe males with less slender penis, thickness at basis of penis 31% of length of penis ( Fig. 11 ).................................................................. diaphanus (From Madagascar to Tonga Isls.) 6a Mouth cleft almost vertical; body of fresh specimen brown-yellowish; vertebrae 82....... roulei (Northeast Atlantic Ocean) 6b Mouth cleft oblique; body of fresh specimen bright red; vertebrae 74–76... algrahami (From Southeast Australia to Taiwan) 7a Males with pair of bulbs at base of penis ( Fig. 20 )............................. pacificus (Atlantic and Pacific Oceans) 7b Pair of bulbs absent (male only known of B. multidens )....................................................... 8 8a Ventral flexure of anteriormost vertebrae................................................................... 9 8b No ventral flexure.................................................................................... 10 9a Fangs on vomer 8; long rakers on anterior gill arch 25....................................... linsi (Northeast Brazil ) 9b Fangs on vomer 2; long rakers on anterior gill arch 20................................. affinis (Central Indian Ocean) 10a Precaudal vertebrae 37; vomer with 1+ fang(s); long gill rakers 29................... parfaiti (Northeast Atlantic Ocean) 10b Precaudal vertebrae 32–34; vomer with 7–11 fangs; long gill rakers 23–25.............. multidens (North Atlantic Ocean)