A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462 Author Hyman, Isabel T. Author Ponder, Winston F. text Zootaxa 2010 2010-05-14 2462 1 1 148 https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2462.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.2462.1.1 1175­5334 5312710 Parmarion martensi Simroth, 1893 Figures 32E , 33F , 34F , 36M–O Material examined. Hawaii : BPBM 252738 ( two specimens dissected, one radula examined), Kahaluu , Oahu, I . Santos-Bear ; BPBM 251680 ( one specimen dissected), Kahaluu , Oahu, E . Morikawa . Description. External morphology : Shell highly reduced, orange-brown. Protoconch and teleoconch smooth. Animal light brown. Mantle laps very large, partially fused, leaving a circular opening through which the shell can be seen, uniform in colour. Right mantle lobe of medium size, median and left mantle lobes fused to form very large lobe over head. Sole of foot tripartite; caudal apparatus as for family; caudal horn short; caudal foss vertical slit in tail. Mantle cavity ( Figure 32E ): As for family. Digestive system : Oesophageal crop present (separated from stomach by slight constriction). Genital system ( Figures 33F , 34F ): As for family. Ovotestis composed of only one lobe, situated at apex of shell. Free oviduct short; capsular gland present; internal longitudinal pilasters present at base. Bursa copulatrix inserted on vagina, short, less than half spermoviduct length; duct of bursa copulatrix narrow, distinguishable from bursa copulatrix, internally with longitudinal pilasters. Vagina very short. Stimulator inserted on atrium, internally with a large dart, apical stimulator glands present. Epiphallus enters penis through simple pore; penis internally covered in pustules, pilasters absent, penial diverticulum absent. Penial sheath enclosing penis and epiphallus; penis retractor muscle attached to junction of penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus shorter than penis; epiphallic retractor caecum absent. Flagellum present; flagellum and distal part of epiphallus without internal cryptae and externally smooth and slender. Spermatophore not present in dissected specimens. Radula ( Figure 36M–O ): Wide, but without lateral wrinkles. Central tooth with small ectocones; mesocone lanceolate, shorter than tooth base. Lateral and marginal tooth fields distinguishable. Lateral teeth with endocone smaller than central tooth ectocones; ectocone equal in size to those on central tooth; mesocone shorter than tooth base. Marginal teeth with endocones absent; ectocones approximately same length and breadth as mesocone, not subdivided into extra teeth. Radular formula (160.14.1.14.160) × 135 rows. Remarks. Anatomical data are available for Parmarion pupillaris Humbert, 1863 ( Schileyko 2003a ; Van Mol 1968 ), which may be conspecific with the type species of this genus ( Schileyko 2003a ). Parmarion martensi shows similar anatomical features but has a smaller flagellum that appears to have no internal cryptae. This may be due to the fact that the specimen dissected appeared to be reproductively immature. Parmarion is distributed from south China to Java and contains 2–5 species ( Schileyko 2003a ). It has also been introduced into other regions, including Hawaii ( Hollingsworth et al. , 2007 ).