Review of the species in the Cyclocephala bicolor Laporte species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) Author Joly, Luis J. text Zootaxa 2009 2048 47 64 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.186485 2eec0d6a-510b-44e7-a8e3-602dc5a88838 1175-5326 186485 Cyclocephala bicolor Laporte, 1840 ( Figs. 1 , 3–6, 19 , 24–25, 33–35, 41–42 , 49–50 , 58, 69–70 ) Bibliography. Cyclocephala bicolor Laporte 1840 : 124 (description). Type (sex?) MNHN. Type locality: Cayenne. Burmeister 1847 : 60 (description), Cayenne. Prudhomme 1906 : 13, French Guiana . Bodkin 1919 : 215, British Guiana . Höhne 1923 : 359 (compared with C . vestita ). Arrow 1937 : 8, Guiana . Blackwelder 1944 : 251, Guiana . Endrödi 1964 : 442 (compared with C . bicolorata ), Fig. 11 (genitalia). Endrödi 1966 : 91 (key, male), 140, 143 (key, female), 156 (description male, female), Figs. 386–397 (genitalia), Venezuela , British Guiana , French Guiana , Suriname , Brazil . Gruner 1971 : 845, French Guiana . Dechambre 1979 : 160, Venezuela , British Guiana , French Guiana , Suriname , Brazil . Endrödi 1985 : 109 (key, male), 146 (key, female), Figs. 648–649 (genitalia), French Guiana , Suriname , Guyana , Brazil . Ratcliffe 1992 : 187 (compared with C . sarahae ). Lachaume 1992 : 16, plate 1, Fig. 28 , Guyana , French Guiana , Suriname , Brazil . Dechambre 1992 : 67 (compared with C . dichroa ), Fig. 32 (genitalia), plate 1, Fig. 28 . Description. Short, oval, moderately shiny. Brownish red, frons and vertex black, elytra testaceous. Dorsal surface and pygidium glabrous, ventral pubescence sparse. Length : 9.0–13.0 mm. MALE : Clypeus ( Fig. 3 ) about 2.3 times as wide across base as long; sides straight, strongly convergent to truncated and feebly reflexed apex; shallowly sulcate longitudinally along middle and shallowly depressed laterally before apex, in lateral view flat to slightly concave on apical half; surface finely alutaceous, with fine, shallow and widely annulate punctures, annulation wide, not well defined posteriorly, usually confluent, appearing as irregular and fine, more or less transverse striae; punctures simple toward apex and anterior half of sides. Frontoclypeal suture thin, arcuately projecting posteriorly. Frons width about 2.5 times transverse diameter of eye, finely alutaceous; punctures similar to those of clypeus, but less dense, somewhat thinner and better delimited. Mandibles with external border sinuate, apex projecting externally. Maxillae ( Fig. 6 ) with galea moderately robust, with two apical, one median, and three basal teeth; basal teeth very small and arising from common base; stipes projected anteriorly on inner side and with a brush of fine, black setae on apex of projection; maxillary palpi ( Fig. 19 ) moderately robust, second palpomere longer than third, weakly widened towards apex, fourth palpomere fusiform, 2.5 times longer than preceding. Labium ( Fig. 5 ) with sides almost parallel on basal two-thirds, constricted at middle of apical third; apex truncate on middle and fimbriate with long, fine yellowish-golden setae; surface almost flat, with some very small punctures on disc and one longitudinal series of long bristles on each side, converging towards base. Antennae with 10 antennomeres, club more than 2.0 times the length of antennomeres 2–7 together. Pronotum 1.5 times as wide as long, widest near base, sides more strongly convergent to apex on anterior half; anterior border widely and arcuately projected at middle; basal angles widely rounded; basal border without marginal bead, almost uniformly arcuate, slightly more projected in central third; surface smooth ( 40X ); punctures annulate, moderately fine and dense, the distance between most punctures on disc, as long as or longer than diameter of punctures, punctures gradually larger and denser towards sides, the diameter of a puncture at basal angle at least 2.0 times the diameter of those on center of disc, more dense on basal angles, where the distance between most punctures is as large or smaller than the diameter of a puncture; all surface also covered with numerous minute punctures ( 50X or more). Scutellum triangular, sides feebly arcuate, apex briefly rounded; punctures similar to those of pronotal disc. Elytra 1.1 times as long as wide, arcuately widened from first quarter to middle, then rounded to apex, sutural angle well defined, but rounded; humeral and apical umbones weak, with a feeble, short, elongate tumescence behind humeral umbones on external border; surface smooth, with large, shallow, annulate punctures, much smaller on sides and apex, double rows not evident, additional numerous minute punctures ( 50X or more) scattered over the surface; sutural interstria flat, slightly elevated on apical half. Epipleura narrow, more so apically. Pygidium 2.0 times as wide as long; in posterior view the inferior borders slightly convex, converging to feebly convexly truncated apex at an angle distinctly greater than 90°; in lateral view ( Fig. 62 ) uniformly convex; surface smooth, shining, with large annulate punctures, punctures more dense on lateral angles; on apex more shining, the punctures smaller and less dense, the distances between most punctures less than 2.0 times their own diameter. Protibiae (fig. 24) tridentate, small basal tooth separated from the intermediate tooth by a distance 1.5 times as long as that between the intermediate and the anterior teeth; intermediate and anterior teeth well developed, basal tooth with its anterior border more or less perpendicular to long axis of tibiae; apical spur almost straight, surpassing the apex of the first tarsomere. Protarsi ( Fig. 34–35 ) enlarged; tarsomere 5 shorter than 1–4 together, without ventrointernal carina, ventral side with short and fine longitudinal striae on inner side of apex and sometimes also on inner side of base; tarsomere 4 longitudinally striated on about apical half, tarsomere 3 on apical third; largest claw ( Fig. 41–42 ) wide, flattened, moderately widely cleft at apex, both branches feebly divergent (external border of small branch not continuous with internal curvature of the claw). Metafemur ( Fig. 49 ) about 2.3 times as long as its maximum width. Metatibiae ( Fig. 49 ) robust, widened at apex, bristles on diagonal carina and apex strong. Metatarsi ( Fig. 33 ) subequal in length to tibiae, with first tarsomere widened towards apex, with apical bristles similar to those of apex of tibiae. Prosternal projection high, apex alutaceous, anterior part transversely oval, externally pointed; posterior part shorter but wider than anterior, posterior border fimbriate with long bristles. Pronotal hypomera alutaceous, with sparse, erect setae. Mesopleura, metapleura, and sides of metasternum alutaceous, with large and very dense confluent, annulate punctures; disc of metasternum smooth, with small, scattered punctures; metacoxae with punctures similar to those of pleurae but smaller and more disperse. Ventrites with annulate, moderately dense punctures, punctures smaller and sparser on apical ventrites. FIGURE 1. Distribution of Cyclocephala bicolor (circles), C . anibali , sp. n. (triangle), and C . sarahae (square). FIGURE 2. Distribution of Cyclocephala dichroa (circles), and C . bicolorata (squares). Aedeagus : Figs. 69–70 . FEMALE : differs from the male in the following characters: punctation generally stronger, that of pygidium of the same size; protibiae Fig. 25 ; protarsi slender; posterior femora ( Fig. 50 ) somewhat stronger; epipleura ( Fig. 58 ) strongly narrowed at level of metacoxa, then widened up to level of middle of fourth ventrite. Distribution : Venezuela , Colombia , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana , Brazil , Peru , and Bolivia . Colombia , Peru , and Bolivia are new country records. FIGURES 3–23. Figs. 3–6. Cyclocephala bicolor : 3) head frontal, 4) head lateral, 5) labium, 6) maxilla. Figs. 7–10. Cyclocephala bicolorata : 7) head frontal, 8) head lateral, 9) labium, 10) maxilla. Figs. 11–14. Cyclocephala dichroa : 11) head frontal, 12) head lateral, 13) labium, 14) maxilla. Figs. 15–18. Cyclocephala anibali (holotype): 15) head frontal, 16) head lateral, 17) labium, 18) maxilla. Figs. 19–23. Maxillary palpi: 19) C . bicolor , 20) C . bicolorata , 21) C . sarahae (holotype), 22) C . dichroa , 23) C . anibali (holotype). Specimens studied : VENEZUELA : Amazonas : Coromoto, Dto. Atures, VI-1979, 1 F (HAHC). Culebra, Caño Negro, P. N. Duida-Marahuaca, 3º 33’ N , 65º 55’ W , 6-16-X-1983 , Exped. Terramar, 4 F (MIZA). La Esmeralda, LF Station, 01-X-1997 , leg. Krimse, 1 F (MIZA). Pto. Ayacucho, 22-IV-1967 , P. J. Anduze, 1 M (HAHC); 4-15-XII-1992 , G. Romero, 1 F (MIZA). San Carlos de Río Negro, 7-13-1982 , A. Chacón-G. Yépez, 1 M, 15 F (MIZA); idem, 1º 55’ N , 67º 01’ W , 4-14-III-1984 , J. Clavijo-J. De Marmels, 1 F (MIZA). San Fernando de Atabapo, 17-VIII-1982 , CEUM Fac. Agronomía, 1 F (MIZA). Santa Lucía , 15-21- XI-1982 , A. Chacón-G. Yépez, 1 F (MIZA). Talud Cerro Aracamuni, 1 º 29’ N , 65º 38’ W , 600 m , 18-24-X- 1987 , Exped. Terramar, 3 M, 4 F (MIZA). Bolívar : Anacoco, 60 m , 6º 5’ N , 61º 8’ O , 10-30-VIII-1979 , Expedición La Salle, 3 M, 2 F (MIZA). Canaima, Río Carrao, (Campamento Yuri), 9-15-II-1972 , J. M. Ayala, 1 F (JMAL). El Paují, 100 Km O Sta. Elena, 1100 m , 5-IV-80 , 2 M, 2 F (CCBM). El Dorado-Sta. Elena, Km 88, 160 m , 28-IX-1967 , C. J. Rosales-M. Gelbez-L. Rodríguez V., 2 F (MIZA); 27-IX-1967 , L. J. Joly, 1 F (MHNLS). El Dorado-Sta. Elena, Km 109, 460 m , 6-IX-1964 , P. J. Salinas, 1 F (MIZA). Carret. El Dorado- Sta. Elena, Km 88, 100 m , 27-IX-1967 , L. J. Joly, 1 F (MHNLS); idem, 200 m , 7-IV-80 , C. Bordón, 1 F (CCBM). 5 Km E Caicara, 11-VI-1996 , B. D. Gill, 1 M (BDGC). Carret. Caicara-San Juan de Manapiare, Km 170, 300 m , 21-30-XII-1973 , J. L. García, 1 M (HAHC). Cerro Guaiquinima, 1000 m , 5º 53‘ N , 63º 30’ O , 3- 4-II-1990 , Exped. FUDECI, J. De Marmels-A. Chacón, 2 F (MIZA). Guri, Río Caroní, 100 m , 16-XI-1966 , J. & B. Bechyne-E. Osuna, 3 F (MIZA); 11-IV-1968 , J. Salcedo, 1 M, 1 F (MIZA). Kamarata, 450 m , 24-II- 1978 , L. J. Joly, 2 M, 5 F (MIZA). Kanarakuni, Alto Caura, 450 m , 10-13-IX-1964 , F. Fernández Y .-J. Bechyne, 5 F (MIZA). 35 Km N Las Trincheras, 17-VI-1987 , S. & J. Peck, woodland, forest edge, UV trap, 15 Km N Corocito, 2 M (HAHC). Los Pijiguaos, 190 m , Exped. MIZA, UCV, 3-13-VI-1992 , 4 M, 4 F (MIZA). Pendare, Río Parguaza, 6º 6’ N , 67º 5’ W , 6-7-VI-1997 , E. Osuna-A. Chacón-F. Rojas, 1 M, 38 F (MIZA). Río Caroní, Salto Las Babas, 8-10-IV-1983 , Exped. Inst. Zool. Agric., 5 M, 5 F (MIZA). Río Caura, El Playón, 23-XI-1978 , 3 F (MIZA). Río Caura, Salto Pará, 250 m , 21-XI- 178, B. Bechyné, 3 F; idem, 20-22- XI-1978 , A. Chacón, 1 F (MIZA). Río Caura, Jabillal, 100 m , 25-XI-1978 , A. Chacón, 2 F (MIZA). Río Guaniamo, 6º 45’ N , 66º 01’ O , 160 m , 25-28-V-1979 , J. Clavijo-A. Chacón-G. Yépez, 3 M, 2 F (MIZA). Río Paragua , E Río Cachicamo, 425 m , 11-IV-1983 , Exped. Inst. Zool. Agric., 1 F (MIZA). San Ignacio de Yuruaní, Gran Sabana, 830 m , 19-IV-1988 , A. Chacón, 1 M (MIZA). Suapure, Caura River, V-27-1899 , E. A. Klages, 1 M (HAHC). Uonquen, 850 m , 4-III-1966 , A. Pérez, 1 F (MIZA). Táchira : Navay, 200 m , 30-X-78 , C. Bordón, 1 F (CCBM). COLOMBIA : Caquetá , Río Caquetá at Tres Esquinas, 18-I-1969 , R. E. Dietz IV, 1 M (NMNH). GUYANA : British Guiana , 4 M, 1 F (AMNH), 1 M (MIZA). Demerara (Bartica), R. J. Crew, 1 M, 3 F (NMNH). Kamakusa, Jan, 1923, 1 M, 1 F, (AMNH). Kartabo, Bartica District, 7-IX-1920 , Wm. L. Beebe collection, 1 F (AMNH); 11-X-1920 , Gift of N. Y . Zool. Soc. 1 F (AMNH). Mazaruni, Potaro District, Takuku Mountains, 6º 15’ N , 59º 5’ W , 7-XII-1983 , at blacklight in forest clearing near streams, Earthwatch Research Expedition, P. J. Spangler & W. E. Steiner, 1 M (NMNH). Penal settlement, Bartica District, 1917, Gift of N. Y . Zool. Soc., 1 F (AMNH). Rupununi, XI, 1913, 1 F (AMNH). Rockstone, Essequibo River, 4 F (NMNH). Tumatumari, 1918, 19 F (AMNH), 1 F (MIZA); idem, VIII, 1913, 1 M, 17 F (AMNH). Tumatumari, Potaro R., 29-VI-1927 , Cornell Unv. Lot 760 Sub 117, 1 F (HAHC). SURINAME : Aibinia, 29- VII-1975 , D. Engleman, at light, 1 F (UNSM). Brokopando District, Brownsberg Natuurpark, Mazaroni Plateau, 400–500 m , 20 August 1982 , W. E. Steiner, Earthwatch Suriname Expedition, August 1982 , Collins, Early, Oberman, Pollock, Putnem, Steiner, 4 M, 2 F (NMNH). Moengo Boven, Cottica, 16-V-1927 , Cornell Univ., Lot 760, Sub. 60, 1 F (NMNH). FRENCH GUIANA : Kaw Rd. PK 37, 19 -VIII-1995, 1 M (UNSM). Maroni River, 1 F (NMNH). Route de Petit Saut PK9 25-VIII-2000 , Y . Ponchel, 5 M (HAHC). St. Jean, W. M. Schaus col. 7 F (NMNH). 13 Km W D-5, Risq. Rd. 14-VIII-1995 , J. E. Wappes, 3 M, 6 F (UNSM); 22-VIII- 1995 , 2 M, 1 F (UNSM), 1 M, 1 F (HAHC). BRAZIL : Robinson bequest, 1929, 1F (NMNH). Amazonas : AM 0 10, Km 244, 20 -I-1977, B. C. Ratcliffe, 7 M, 6 F (UNSM). AM 0 10, Km 268, 18 -I-1977, B. C. Ratcliffe, 3 F (UNSM). Manaus, 30-X-83 , C. Bordón, 2 M, 1 F (CCBM); 13-I-1978 , B. C. Ratcliffe, 4 M, 2 F (UNSM); 13-XI-1978 , B. C. Ratcliffe, 3 M, 3 F (UNSM). CEPLAC, 30 Km NE Manaus, 12-XII-1976 , B. C. Ratcliffe, 1 M, 1 F (UNSM). Amapá : Serra Lombard Lomao, 24-VIII-1961 , J. & B. Bechyne, 3 F (MIZA). Ceará : Fortaleza, IX-1943 , at light, Mac Creary, 1 F (NMNH). Mato Grosso : Reserva Humboldt, 10º 11’ S , 59º 48’W , 13-14-VII-1977 , B. C. Ratcliffe, 1 F (UNSM). Pará : Braçança, 20-I-1949 , J. M. Díaz, 1 M (HAHC). Rio Negro, Santa Isabel, X-1930 , Holt, Blake & Agostini, 5 F (NMNH). Cachimbo, 400 m , 14/ 21-IX-1955 , L. Travassos & Oliveira, 5 M, 1 F (HAHC). Rio Xingu Camp., 3º 39’ S , 52º 22’ W , ca 60 Km S Altamira, 1-7-X- 1986 , 1F (NMNH). Santarem, IX-1933 , L. C. Scaramuzza, 2 F (NMNH). Pernambuco : Recife, 10-X-50 , Asua leg, 1 F (HAHC). Río Grande do Norte : Natal , VIII-X-1954, 1 M (HAHC). Rondonia : Porto Velho, Rio Madeira, Mann & Baker , 1918, 1 F (NMNH). Terr . Acre : Río Branco, 15-V-1952 , M. Alvarenga col., 1 F (HAHC). Ro. (?): Santa Cruz da Serra, 20-VIII-85 , J. P. Caldwell, 3 F (HAHC). I have also seen specimens from BOLIVIA : Beni, Guayamerin (AMNH). BRAZIL : Amazonas : Pará (AMNH). PERU : Tingo María (AMNH). Other localities : SURINAME : Pakira-Iméné; Paramaribo; Demerara . FRENCH GUIANA : Acarouany; Ante cume Pata (Haut Kialo); Carbet République; Cayenne; Fleuve Oyapock, du Saut-Maripa à Massikiri; Kourou fôret; Mana; Organabo; route Conte; Saint Élie; Sinnamary. BRAZIL : Gorotire; São Felix do Xingu (Moyen Xingu) ( Endrödi 1966 , Gruner 1971 , Dechambre 1979 ).