New records of Oecanthus species (Orthoptera, Oecanthidae) in the Madeira archipelago Author Silva, Hugo Miguel Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. hmvcsilva@ua.pt Author Avivar-Lozano, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3932-1990 Laboratorio de Entomologia, IFAPA, Centro " Las Torres ", Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla de la Sierra, 41200 Alcala del Rio, Seville, Spain. Author Gomes, Goncalo Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. Author Rhee, Howon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-2360 Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany. Author Dellinger, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-8620 Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. & Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos (CIBIO), Vairao, Portugal. Author Aguin-Pombo, Dora https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-7105 Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. & Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos (CIBIO), Vairao, Portugal. text Journal of Orthoptera Research 2024 2024-03-13 33 1 95 102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.113947 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.113947 1937-2426-1-95 2B448BBE5AB3432AA6444039A7232951 E3091210997C5CD3BDA7E9C3160BDD00 Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, 1993 Fig. 2A, B, D, G Material examined. - PORTUGAL • 16♂ , 1♀ ; Madeira Island , Machico , Canical , Ponta de Sao Lourenco ; 32°44'37"N , 16°42'05"W ; 76 m a.s.l. ; 16.VI.2023 ; H. Silva , G. Gomes , T. Dellinger , H. Rhee leg.; on: Hyparrhenia hirta ; UMACI • 3♂ , 1♀ ; Madeira Island , Santa Cruz , Canico , Reis Magos ; 32°38'56"N , 16°49'23"W ; 38 m a.s.l. ; 19.VI.2023 ; H. Silva , G. Gomes , H. Rhee leg.; on: Hyparrhenia hirta ; UMACI • 1♂ ; Porto Santo Island , Campo de Baixo ; 33°2'53.39"N , 16°21'5.86"W ; 16 m a.s.l. ; 23.X.2022 ; H. Silva , D. Aguin-Pombo , L. Avivar-Lozano , M. Dias leg.; on: Hyparrhenia hirta ; UMACI . Measurements. - MADEIRA ISLAND - ♂: BL=14.44 +/- 0.55 mm (n=19); EL=14.18 +/- 0.68 mm (n=19); HW=2.59 +/- 0.32 mm (n=19); FL=7.98 +/- 0.50 mm (n=19); ♀: BL=14.08 +/- 0.39 mm (n=2); EL=14.10 +/- 0.55 mm (n=2); FL=7.85 +/- 0.63 mm (n=2); OV=5.48 +/- 0.32 mm (n=2). PORTO SANTO ISLAND - ♂: BL=17.34 mm (n=1); EL=13.28 mm (n=1); HW=2.00 mm (n=1); FL=7.03 mm (n=1). Sounds. - The song of the species consists of continuous long echemes without gap, as has been already mentioned ( Gorochov 1993 , Cordeo et al. 2009) as a conspecific song trait (Fig. 3C ). Notes. - Oecanthus dulcisonans is primarily distinguished from O. pellucens by the shape of the metasternal plate. In the specimens of O. dulcisonans , this plate is longer and thinner than the metasternal plate of O. pellucens (Fig. 2A, D-F ). In terms of size, the specimen from Porto Santo measured 17.34 mm in body length, slightly exceeding the 14.00-17.00 mm reported for this species in other works ( Gorochov 1993 , Cordero et al. 2009 , Braud et al. 2015 , Reitmeier 2018 ). However, specimens from Madeira, both male and female, fall within the size range. In contrast, some measurements differ from previous publications. For example, the mean length of the hind femur was 7.98 +/- 0.50 mm for males from Madeira and 7.03 mm for the male from Porto Santo, deviating from the 8.70-10.00 mm range reported in other studies ( Gorochov 1993 , Cordero et al. 2009 ). Additionally, the mean length of the protruding wing was 2.59 +/- 0.32 mm for specimens from Madeira and 2.00 mm for those from Porto Santo, which is less than the 3.00-4.00 mm reported in other studies ( Braud et al. 2015 , Reitmeier 2018 ) (Table 1 ). Notably, the mean length of the oviscape in females exceeded the value reported by Braud et al. (2015) . The specimen from Porto Santo was discovered stridulating on a stem within a one-meter-high patch of spontaneous herbaceous vegetation, predominantly characterized by Hyparrhenia hirta E. Fourn. This habitat was located between buildings (Fig. 4A ). Several individuals were also heard during the night along the southwest coast of Porto Santo in the vicinity of Praia do Zimbralinho, Cabeco da Ponta, and Campo de Baixo (Fig. 1 ). Similarly, specimens from Madeira were observed stridulating on stems in patches dominated by H. hirta , on Ponta de Sao Lourenco and Reis Magos, with the presence of plant species such as Euphorbia piscatoria Aiton, Echium nervosum Dryand., and the invasive Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill. on Reis Magos (Fig. 4B ). Several individuals were also heard at night in Garajau and Porto Novo. Fig. 2. Oecanthus dulcisonans ( A, B, D, G ) and Oecanthus pellucens ( C, E, F, H ) from Madeira archipelago. Metasternal plate (the dots represent parts of the structure that were not visible to draw) ( A, D, E, F ), body in dorsal view ( B, C ), and epiphallus in dorsal view ( G, H ). Photos: Thomas Dellinger. Scale bars: 1 mm ( A, D, E, F ); 10 mm ( B, C ); 0.5 mm ( G, H ). Fig. 3. Photos of Oecanthus dulcisonans stridulating ( A ) and standing ( B ) on Hyparrhenia hirta E. Fourn at Ponta de Sao Lourenco , Machico, Madeira Island on June 17, 2023. Photos: Howon Rhee. Oscillograms of songs of O. dulcisonans recorded at 23°C in Porto Santo Island ( C ) and Oecanthus pellucens recorded at 22.5°C in a laboratory with an individual from Spain by Klaus-Gerhard Heller ( D ), from the Orthoptera Species Files Online ( Cigliano et al. 2023 ). Fig. 4. Habitats of Oecanthus dulcisonans in Madeira and Porto Santo: A. Campo de Baixo, Porto Santo Island. Photo: Tome Freitas; B. Reis Magos, Canico , Madeira Island. Photo: Hugo Silva. Table 1. Morphometric data on Oecanthus dulcisonans and Oecanthus pellucens . Records from literature references and the specimens studied in this work. n = number of specimens studied, BL = body length, EL = elytra length, FL = posterior femur length, HW = length of posterior hind protruding below elytra, and OV = length of oviscape. All measurements are in millimeters.
Species Locality n Sex BL EL FL HW OV Literature References
O. dulcisonans Spain, Tunisia 6 ♂♂ 14.01 +/- 0.26 - 8.60 +/- 0.14 3.57 +/- 0.20 - Cordero et al. 2009
Spain 1 ♀ - - - - -
O. dulcisonans - - - 14.00-17.00 - - 3.50 - Reitmeier 2018
O. dulcisonans Spain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Palestine, Cyprus 6 ♂♂ 15.00-17.00 14.00-16.00 8.70-10.00 - - Gorochov 1993
Oman 1 ♀ 14.00 14.00 9.00 - 5.20
O. dulcisonans - - ♂ 15.00-17.00 13.00-16.00 - 3.00-4.00 - Braud et al. 2015
- ♀ 14.00 14.00 - - 5.20
O. dulcisonans Porto Santo Island 1 ♂ 17.34 13.28 7.03 2.00 - This work
O. dulcisonans Madeira Island 19 ♂♂ 14.44 +/- 0.55 14.18 +/- 0.68 7.98 +/- 0.50 2.59 +/- 0.32 - This work
2 ♀♀ 14.08 +/- 0.39 14.10 +/- 0.55 7.85 +/- 0.63 - 5.48 +/- 0.32
O. pellucens Spain 11 ♂♂ 10.80 +/- 0.14 - 7.60 +/- 0.17 0.42 +/- 0.10 6.00-7.50 Cordero et al. 2009
7 ♀♀ - - - - -
O. pellucens - - - 10.00-14.00 - - 1.00 - Reitmeier 2018
O. pellucens - - ♂ 10.00-13.00 9.00-11.00 - 1.00 - Braud et al. 2015
- ♀ 11.00-14.00 9.00-11.00 - - 6.00-7.50
O. pellucens Madeira Island 4 ♂♂ 12.98 +/- 0.11 10.93 +/- 0.37 7.93 +/- 0.57 1.23 +/- 0.37 - This work