A Review of the South American Genus Hoplopygothrix Schürhoff (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini) Author Ratcliffe, Brett C. text The Coleopterists Bulletin 2005 2005-03-31 59 1 136 142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x(2005)059[0136:arotsa]2.0.co;2 journal article 10.1649/0010-065X(2005)059[0136:AROTSA]2.0.CO;2 1938-4394 10104946 Hoplopygothrix atropurpurea (Schaum) ( Figs. 1–3 ) Gymnetis atropurpurea Schaum 1841: 48 . Lectotype (here designated to stabilize the nomenclature) female at the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle (MHNG) ( Geneva ) and labeled: ‘‘BRAZIL’’ and with my red lectotype label. Single female paralectotype with same data also at MHNG and with my yellow paralectotype label. Gymnetis fulvohirta Moser 1910: 295 ( NEW SYNONYMY ). Holotype female at the Museum für Naturkunde ( Berlin ) and labeled: (a) ‘‘ Brasilia , Theresopolis , St. Catarina ,’’ (b) ‘‘ fulvohirta Mos. , Type ,’’ (c) female symbol, and (d) with my red holotype label. Gymnetis atropurpurea nigroscutellaris Moser 1910: 296 ( NEW SYNONYMY ). Two probable syntypes at the Museum für Naturkunde ( Berlin ) and labeled: ‘‘ Theresopolis , St. Catarina’ ’ [ Brazil ]. Gymnetis rugosa Bourgoin 1916: 199 . Holotype female at The Natural History Museum (BMNH) (London) and labeled: (a) ‘‘ Mineiros , Goyas , Brazil ,’’ (b) ‘‘ Gymnetis rugosa Bourg. , Type ,’’ female symbol, (c) ‘‘Bourgoin Coll.,’’ and (d) with my red holotype label. Fig. 1. Habitus of Hoplopygothrix atropurpurea (Schaum) . Description. Head : Color black, shining. Surface moderately to densely punctate; punctures moderate to large, setigerous; setae short to moderate in length, black to dark brown to tawny, less dense on clypeus. Clypeus with apex beaded, broadly truncate, slightly reflexed, center emarginate, anterior angles broadly rounded. Interocular width equals 4.5–5.0 transverse eye diameters. 140 Antenna 10-segmented, club subequal in length to segments 2–7. Pronotum : Color black, opaque. Surface moderately densely punctate on disc, densely punctate on sides; punctures small to moderate in size, becoming larger in anterior angles, round to \ -shaped, often confluent, setigerous; setae dense, moderately long, dark brown to tawny. Epimera with surface similar to that of pronotum. Lateral margin with distinct bead. Scutellum at apex with dense tuft of yellowish (most common) to dark brown setae. Elytra : Color dark reddish brown, opaque; punctures and rugae (especially on disc) piceous. Surface on disc varies from indistinctly punctate (punctures small, shallow) or distinctly punctate (punctures small, moderately dense) OR with 2 longitudinal bands of longitudinal, vermiform rugae, all setigerous; apex and sides with round or crescent-shaped punctures; setae moderate to long, dark brown to tawny, mostly recumbent, more or less in longitudinal bands on median 2/3 of each elytron, becoming dense at apex; apical umbone prominent; apices weakly acute to spiniform, usually obscured by dense setae. Lateral margin with distinct bead. Pygidium : Color dark reddish brown to piceous or black, opaque, sometimes with cream-colored flecks at base, apex, and corners. Surface with concentrically vermiform punctures to densely, transversely rugopunctate, setigerous; setae dense, long, recumbent, tawny to dark brown. In lateral view, surface nearly flat in male, weakly convex in female. Venter : Color black, occasionally reddish brown, shining; sometimes abdominal sternites 1–4 with small, cream-colored spot on lateral edge at apex. Thoracic sternites with dense, long, dark reddish brown to tawny setae. Mesometasternal process flat, relatively short (not reaching procoxae), apex shining and evenly rounded. Abdominal sternites punctate or rugose on lateral thirds; sternites 1–5 in males deeply, longitudinally sulcate, females with sternites normally convex and with weakly impressed, longitudinal center line (best seen with oblique lighting). Last sternite setigerously punctate, setae black to tawny, short. Legs : Color black to dark reddish brown, shining. Foretibia in males bidentate, tridentate in females. Posterior tibia with 2 apical spurs with apices acute in males, rounded in females. Parameres : Figure 2 . Fig. 2. Parameres of Hoplopygothrix atropurpurea : (a) lateral view, (b) dorsal view, (c) ventral view. Fig. 3. Distribution of Hoplopygothrix atropurpurea . Triangle symbol denotes state record only. 142 Distribution. 85 specimens examined from AMIC , AMNH , BCRC , BMNH , CASC , DEIC , FMNH , MGFT , MHNG , MLUH , MNHN , MHNG , MZSP , NMPC , QBUM , RMNH , SEAB , UCCC , USNM , ZMHU , ZSMC . BRAZIL (85) GOIAS (4): Mineiros, Rio Verde ; MINAS GERAIS (8): Maria da Fe’ , Poças de Coldas ; PARANA (4): Caviúna, Rolandia; RIO DE JANEIRO (11): Jabaquara, Novo Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro ; RIO GRANDE DO SUL (1): No data; SANTA CATARINA (6): Joinville, Theresopolis; SÃO PAULO (13): Cantareira, Piracicaba, São Paulo; NO DATA (38). Temporal Distribution. January (2), February (3), June (1), October (3), November (10), December (5). Too few specimens have label data with the month of collection to portray a reliable temporal distribution other than during a southern hemisphere summer. Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species, either from the literature or on specimen labels.