A New Species of the Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus Group from Central Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Author Hu, Shao-Ji Author Condamine, Fabien L. Author Monastyrskii, Alexander L. Author Cotton, Adam M. text Zootaxa 2019 2019-02-08 4554 1 286 300 journal article 27581 10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.10 bf542573-c115-40ad-8555-851a6d17717d 1175-5326 2623278 1E207D13-8863-4272-8C52-8C6E61F890D6 Graphium ( Pazala ) wenlingae Hu, Cotton & Monastyrskii sp. nov. ( Figure 3 ) Pazala glycerion : Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2000 : 473 . C. Vietnam (Ngoc Linh) Graphium ( Pazala ) mandarinus [ partim ]: Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2003 : 12. C. Vietnam (to Lam Dong ). Graphium ( Pazala ) mandarinus [ partim ]: Monastyrskii, 2007 : 96. C. Vietnam (to Lam Dong ) Graphium ( Pazala ) mandarinus [ partim ]: Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2015 : 15. C. Vietnam (to Kon Tum ). Description: Male: Forewing length: 29.5–32.0 mm (mean = 31.2 ± 1.44 mm , n = 3). Forewing triangulate, broad, apex not produced, termen slightly concave in the medium portion. Forewing upperside: white, the upper and outer 1/3 (mostly the discocellular, the subterminal, and the terminal areas) hyaline and glossy; 10 black bands lined from the humeral to the termen, among which the 1 st to the 6 th almost run parallel; the 1 st and the 2 nd bands reach the tornal margin, the 3 rd to the 5 th bands extend beyond the discal cell and abut up the base of veins CuA 2 , CuA 1 , and M 3 , the 6 th band at the end of cell, often connected with the 5 th band by a transverse black fine line, the 7 th band joins the 8 th band just at vein M 2 , extends to the tornus and joins the 9 th band at vein CuA 2 or just below it in cell CuA 2 , the 9 th band curved inward in cell R 4 , the 10 th band independent, extending from the apex to vein CuA 2 or just below it in cell CuA 2 ; the veins CuA 1 to R 4+5 are black after meeting the 6 th and 7 th bands and then divide the whitishhyaline areas between the 6 th to 10 th bands into spots. Forewing underside: colour and markings as upperside, but the hyaline areas are glossier. Hindwing narrow triangulate in general, costa very oblique, vein M 3 extends into a sword-like tail, termen slightly dented at the end of veins, the end of cells CuA 1 to M 1 scalloped. Hindwing upperside: white with long white hair covering the inner 1/3; tornal margin without any black, a large brown androconial patch near the humeral, a black sub-basal band extends from the costal along the lower cellular vein and ends at the base of vein CuA 2 , while the remaining bands visible from underside, two obliquely neighbouring yellow tornal spots encircled by black lines, with a small greyish blue spot below; the discal bands completely absent but visible from the underside; the submarginal black band coupled and interrupted by veins M 1 and Rs, reaching cell R 5 or M 1 , with the inner bands fainter; the terminal band single, also interrupted by veins M 1 and Rs, reaching cell R 5 or R 1 ; all black bands, except the sub-basal one, join in the black area at the end of cells CuA 1 to M 2 , with a greyish-blue lunule in each cell; tail black with white tip. Hindwing underside: colour and markings similar to upperside but with a pale yellow hue, all black bands and markings better defined, especially the basal, sub-basal, and discal bands, two discal black lines twisting into an “8”-shaped pattern, with both rings white or just a rather faint yellow tinge in the upper ring, the edge of the lower ring extends along veins CuA 1 to M 1 ; a square creamy white spot above each greyish-blue lunule in the tornal area, the yellow spots at the tornus reduced and crowned by fine white lines. FIGURE 2. Bayesian molecular dating for species and subspecies in the Graphium ( Pazala ) mandarinus group, with outgroups collapsed. Values at nodes indicate the median divergence times, purple bars show 95% CI. Pleisto. = Pleistocene. Female: Only two females were available. Forewing lengths of both specimens 34.0 mm. General appearance similar to male but larger and even paler. The 4 th black band on the forewing not reduced. Male genitalia ( Figure 4 ): Two males were dissected, and found to be largely similar except for variation in the teeth of the medial harpe. Moderately sclerotised. Ring wavy in the upper half; saccus small; distance between the base of socii 0.40 mm ( n = 2). Valve oval in general, the dorsal terminal harpe with mostly straight edge and elongated acute tip; the edge of dorsal subterminal harpe almost touching the base of the tip of the dorsal terminal harpe; the medial harpe mostly straight, the dorsal projection bayonet-shaped with indented tip; a variable number of small teeth (1–2) occur in the middle of the medial harpe. FIGURE 3. Graphium ( Pazala ) wenlingae Hu, Cotton & Monastyrskii sp. nov. ; red dot: holotype, yellow dots: paratypes; upperside on the first row, underside on the second row; A–B: ♂, Ngoc Linh, Kon Tum, C. Vietnam; C: ♀, Tay Giang, Quang Nam, C. Vietnam; scale bar = 10 mm. Female genitalia ( Figure 5 ): Only one female was available for dissection. Lamella postvaginalis distinctly rounded; lamella antevaginalis broad in the ventral plane, lined with moderately sclerotised longitudinal striae; ostial lobe heavily sclerotised, broad at the base and gradually narrowed into a sharp tip in lateral view, while the posterior margin is deeply concave with a pair of acute spurs in ventral view. Differential Diagnosis: The new species resembles G. ( P. ) daiyuanae Hu, Zhang & Cotton, 2018 , G. ( P. ) mandarinus kimurai Murayama, 1982, G. ( P. ) mandarinus fangana (K. Okano, 1986), and G. ( P. ) mandarinus stilwelli Cotton & Hu, 2018 ( Figure 6 ), but can be distinguished by careful examination of the following characters: 1) size smaller than daiyuanae and mandarinus stilwelli , similar to that of mandarinus kimurai and mandarinus fangana ; 2) forewing termen not oblique outwardly from apex to tornus as in daiyuanae and female mandarinus kimurai and mandarinus fangana (a); 3) upperside hindwing rather paler, the basal, lower half of sub- basal, and discal bands completely absent in both sexes (while commonly present in other taxa) (b); 4) both rings of the discal bands on the hindwing underside mostly white, except a very thin line of creamy yellow in the upper ring (c) (the upper ring typically yellow in other taxa); 5) the interspaces between coupled submarginal bands at cells M 3 and M 2 more irrigated with whitish scales than in other taxa (d). TABLE 2. Monophylizer assessment of species and subspecies in the Graphium ( Pazala ) mandarinus group.
Taxon Assessment Tanglees
G. ( P. ) garhwalica monophyletic -
G. ( P. ) paphus monophyletic -
G. ( P. ) sichuanica monophyletic -
G. ( P. ) hoeneanus monophyletic -
G. ( P. ) wenlingae sp. nov. monophyletic -
G. ( P. ) daiyuanae monophyletic -
G. ( P. ) confucius monophyletic -
G. ( P. ) mandarinus monophyletic -
ssp. kimurai monophyletic -
ssp. fangana monophyletic -
ssp. stilwelli paraphyletic ssp. mandarinus , ssp. fangana
ssp. mandarinus monophyletic -
TABLE 3. The Kimura 2-parameter distances (shown in percentages) between taxa in Graphium ( Pazala ) mandarinus group, including G. ( P. ) wenlingae Hu, Cotton & Monastyrskii sp. nov.
Taxon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8a 8b 8c 8d
1. garhwalica
2. paphus 5.42
3. sichuanica 4.85 5.07
4. hoeneanus 5.08 4.81 2.04
5. wenlingae sp. nov. 4.81 4.83 2.79 3.47
6. daiyuanae 4.54 5.32 3.98 3.42 2.38
7. confucius 5.27 5.12 4.16 4.09 2.24 1.71
8a. mandarinus kimurai 6.20 5.72 4.01 4.17 3.78 3.88 3.41
8b. mandarinus fangana 5.76 5.96 3.39 4.11 3.03 3.46 2.67 1.64
8c. mandarinus stilwelli 5.93 6.13 3.55 4.28 3.19 3.62 3.12 1.48 0.46
8d. mandarinus mandarinus 6.48 6.33 4.01 4.43 3.38 3.22 2.99 1.67 0.95 0.49
In male genitalia, the tip of dorsal terminal harpe acute and elongated (short in mandarinus and daiyuanae ), dorsal subterminal harpe large, joining dorsal terminal harpe and forming a triangle, dorsal projection bayonetshaped ( Figure 4 ), distance between the base of socii 0.40 mm . In female genitalia the ostial lobe forming a large up-curving spur in lateral view, the posterior margin deeply concave with a pair of acute spurs in ventral view ( Figure 5 ). Type Material: Holotype : VIETNAM : ♂ , Ngoc Linh National Park ( 15°07.432′ N , 107°59.915′ E ; 2,416 m ), Kon Tum Province , 2018–IV , D. N. Vang leg. [KIZ, 0101805]. Paratypes : VIETNAM : 1♂ , Ngoc Linh National Park ( 1,800 m ), Kon Tum Province , 1998–IV–3 , A. Monastyrskii leg. [ VFM ] ; 1♀ , ditto ( 1,600 m ), 1998–IV–5 , A. Monastyrskii leg. [ VFM ] ; 1♂ , same collecting data as holotype [ SJH ] ; 1♀ , Tay Giang ( 1,300 m ), Quang Nam Province , 2017–IV , L. T. Le leg. [ KIZ , 0101806] . The holotype and one paratype were deposited in Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ), Chinese Academy of Sciences ( Li et al. 2015 ). Distribution: The new species is currently known only from Kon Tum plateau of Truong Son (Annamite) Range in C. Vietnam ( Quang Nam and Kon Tum Provinces). We can also expect to discover this species in adjacent Gia Lai Province ( e.g. Kon Ka Kinh National Park) and in Lam Dong Province ( e.g. Bi Doup Nui Ba and Chu Yang Sin National Parks). Phenology: Likely univoltine. All specimens in this study were collected in April. Host plant: Unknown, presumably a plant species belonging to family Lauraceae representatives of which ( e.g. genera Neolitsea , Machilus , Cinnamomum , and Persea ) are host plants of such relatives as Graphium ( Pazala ) eurous and G. ( P. ) mullah ( Igarashi & Fukuda 2000 ). Derivatio nominis: The specific name of this elusive new taxon was dedicated to Dr. Wen-Ling Wang, a very close friend of the first author. The species name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.