Review of the Chinese Bittacus (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) with descriptions of three new species Author Chen, Jing Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China; Author Tan, Jiangli Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China; & College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China Author Hua, Baozhen Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China; text Journal of Natural History 2013 J. Nat. Hist. 2013-03-26 47 21 - 22 1463 1480 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.763065 journal article 10.1080/00222933.2012.763065 1464-5262 5196823 Bittacus longantennatus sp. nov. ( Figures 1–2 ) Holotype Sichuan : ♂ , Labahe Nature Reserve (alt. 2060 m ), Tianquan County , 28–30 July 2007 , coll. Liu , Zhang , Zhou , Bi ( SHEM ). Figure 1. Bittacus longantennatus sp. nov. (A) Male habitus in dorsal view; (B) right wings; (C) female habitus in lateral view; (D) male terminalia in lateral view. A, anal vein; Av, anal crossvein; CuA, anterior cubitus; CuP, posterior cubitus; Cuv, cubital crossvein; FM, first fork of media; FRs, first fork of radial sector; M, media; OM, origin of media; ORs, origin of radial sector; Pcv, pterostigmal crossvein; Ps, pterostigma; R, radius; Sc, subcosta; Scv, subcostal crossvein. Scale bars: A and C = 5 mm; B = 2 mm; D = 0.5 mm. Figure 2. Bittacus longantennatus sp. nov. (A) Head in frontal view; (B) male terminalia in lateral view; (C) male epandrial lobes in dorsal view; (D) male genitalia in caudal view; (E) female subgenital plate in ventral view; (F) female terminalia in lateral view; (G) tergum X and supraanal plate; (H) tergum X and subanal plate. Ant, antenna; AL, aedeagal lobe; Ce, cercus; E, compound eye; EL, epandrial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; Gs, gonostylus; LBP, lower branch of proctiger; O, ocellus; Pf, penisfilum; SaP, subanal plate; SgP, subgenital plate; Sp, spiracle; SpaP, supraanal plate; T, tergum; UBP, upper branch of proctiger. Scale bars = 0.25 mm. Paratypes Sichuan : 1♂ 1♀ , same data as holotype ; 1♀ , Mount Emei (alt. 2080 m ), 2–4 August 2007 , coll. Wenxuan Bi ; 1♀ , Labahe Nature Reserve (alt. 2000 m ), Tianquan County , 29 July 2006 , coll. Hu , Tang , Zhu ( SHEM ) . Hubei : 1♀ , Lücongpo , Badong County , 28 July 2006 , coll. Lijun Cai , Huifeng Zhou ( NWAU ) . Etymology The specific epithet, longantennatus , is derived from the Latin, referring to its long antennae. Diagnosis The new species can be recognized by a pair of antennae as long as body, an indistinct dorsal median stripe, abundant brown clouding on wing membrane, one anal vein (Av) and aedeagus not constricted basally. Description Body length 13.0 mm; antennal length 11.5–13.5 mm ; forewing length 19.0 mm, width 4.9 mm ; hindwing length 17.0 mm, width 4.0 mm. Head. Vertex dark brown; frons yellowish brown; a transverse band across the ocellar triangle blackish brown, extending to compound eyes ( Figure 2A ); clypeus, bases of labrum and labial palpi blackish brown; apices of labrum and labial palpi paler. Antennae almost as long as body ( Figure 1A, C ); scape and pedicel subglobular; flagellum filiform, 19-segmented, moderately ciliated. Compound eyes black. Thorax. Pronotum and propleuron blackish brown, without long setae along anterior and posterior margins. Meso- and metanotum unevenly blackish brown; scutellum and median stripe of metanotum slightly paler; pleuron and coxa unevenly blackish brown to dirty yellow. Basal three-quarters of femur gradually darkening from yellowish brown to blackish brown; then alternated with yellowish brown and blackish brown; tibiae light brown, with a blackish brown base and apex; length ratio of the two apical tibial spurs as 3: 1; tarsi yellowish brown; three black spines on each side of the fourth tarsomere. Wings ( Figure 1B ). Clouded with greyish brown, especially darkening along longitudinal veins and apical crossveins of wing, at Pcv, the origin of radial sector (ORs), the first fork of radial sector (FRs), the origin of media (OM), and subcostal crossveins (Scv). Pterostigma prominent, blackish brown; two pterostigmal crossveins (Pcv); two brown nygmata each in cell R 4+5 and cell 1R 5 . Scv beyond ORs but slightly before FRs; Cuv nearly at FM; one Av before cubital crossvein (Cuv); 1A terminating slightly before FM. Hindwings similar to forewings in markings. Abdomen of male. Terga II–VI blackish brown on basal two-thirds, and yellowish brown on distal third; terga VII and VIII blackish brown. Tergum VIII slightly emarginate on posterior margin ( Figures 1D , 2B ). Epandrial lobes shorter than gonocoxite, subquadrangular in lateral aspect, truncated apically with numerous black spinules ( Figures 1D , 2B ). Tergum X dark brown, saddle-like, extending around the base of cerci to ventral side ( Figures 1D , 2B ). Cercus corresponding to half length of gonocoxite, subacute at apex ( Figures 1D , 2B ). Upper branch of proctiger short, slightly protruding from between the two epandrial lobes, terminating in a process bearing apically a tuft of setae. Lower branch of proctiger broad basally, and tapering distally ( Figures 1D , 2B ). Gonocoxite curved ventrally; gonostylus with a process on inner side ( Figure 2D ). Aedeagus basally with a pair of elongate aedeagal lobes ( Figure 2D ), and then tapering into a long and coiled penisfilum ( Figure 2B ). Abdomen of female. Terga II–V dark brown on basal two-thirds, yellowish brown on distal third; terga VI–IX blackish brown; corresponding sterna pale yellowish brown. Tergum VIII emarginate in V-shape on posterior margin ( Figure 2F ). Tergum X blackish brown, extending to the ventral side prominently ( Figure 2H ). Subgenital plate consisting of two halves, which are divided mesally by a conspicuous triangular membranous area; each half with a membranous emargination roughly at the middle part along the dorsal margin ( Figure 2E ). Cerci slightly longer than the rounded anal plates ( Figure 2G, H ). Distribution Sichuan and Hubei Provinces ( China ) . Remarks Bittacus longantennatus sp. nov. resembles B. trapezoideus and B. sinicus in appearance, but can be separated from B. trapezoideus by aedeagus not constricted basally, and from B. sinicus by abundant conspicuous clouding on wing membrane and broad apex of gonostylus.