Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae Author Liseki, Steven D. Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; Author Vane-Wright, Richard I. Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK text Journal of Natural History 2015 2015-09-30 50 865 904 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106 journal article 21272 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106 05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e 1464-5262 3990100 Charaxes ( Charaxes ) brutus alcyone Stoneham, 1943 Henning 1989: 103 (2 figs). SI: Figure 21a – d. Forewing length: male 40 – 49.5 mm [mean ( n = 11) 43.58 mm , SD = 2.256]; female 44 – 51 mm [mean ( n = 7) 47.01 mm , SD = 1.874]. van Someren (1970 , p. 219) gave average male forewing length as 40 mm – which from our data appears to be an underestimate. Note: The subspecific assignment of populations of C. brutus (Cramer, 1779) in the northern highlands appears uncertain ( van Someren 1970 , p. 219; Larsen 1996 , p. 288). Records A common butterfly throughout most of Africa south of the Sahara, although supposedly relatively uncommon in West Africa ( Ackery et al. 1995 ; Larsen 2005 ). Found in all suitable habitats in Tanzania , up to 2600 m , including Pemba ( Kielland 1990 , p. 98). Although not encountered during this study, C. brutus was recorded from Kilimanjaro by van Someren and Rogers (1928 , p. 153, as brutus natalensis Staudinger, 1885), and is included here as a member of the lower slopes fauna. Rogers (in Butler 1901 , p. 23) noted it as ‘ fairly common ’ at Taveta (four males in OUMNH). The BMNH collection has two males from West Kilimanjaro (Ngaserai, and Engare-Nairobi) collected by Cooper at altitudes between 3000 and 5000 ft , a female from the ‘ slopes ’ , and two pairs from Arusha collected by A.H.B. Rydon. Beyond northeastern Tanzania , C. b. alcyone occurs only in eastern and coastal Kenya . C. b. natalensis occurs from the Cape northwards to Angola and southern and western Tanzania .