An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses
Author
Schileyko, Arkady A.
schileyko1965@gmail.com
Author
Vahtera, Varpu
varpu.vahtera@gmail.com
Author
Edgecombe, Gregory D.
0000-0002-9591-8011
schileyko1965@gmail.com
text
Zootaxa
2020
2020-08-10
4825
1
1
64
journal article
8703
10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1
5ab5f5c8-481e-4d1a-8643-21e72c367278
1175-5326
4402145
F230F199-1C94-4E2E-9CE4-5F56212C015F
Family
Scolopendridae Leach, 1814
Diagnosis.
Four ocelli (
Fig. 52
) form a “rhomboid cluster” (the only blind exceptions—the genus
Tonkinodentus
and a clade of Western Australian
Cormocephalus
species; see below). Labrum with a single median tooth (fig. 7 of
Waldock & Edgecombe 2012
). Pretarsus of maxillae 2 not pectinate, robust and straight (
Figs 59
,
74
,
80
), accompanied by 2 (more rarely by 0 or 1) accessory spine(s). Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite (
Figs 40, 42
,
50
,
86
) with tooth-plates (except for the monotypic genus
Edentistoma
;
Fig. 114
). Forcipular trochantero-prefemur practically always with well-developed process, the latter may be simple or furnished by 1–3 lateral tubercles. Sternites in most genera with longitudinal paramedian sutures. 21 LBS (21, 23,
39, 43 in
Scolopendropsis
only); spiracles on macrosegments, LBS 7 with or without spiracles. Ultimate LBS (
Fig. 38
) generally considerably shorter than the penultimate one (except for
Scolopendropsis
,
Fig. 45
). Tarsus of locomotory legs with two articles; legs with or without 1 or 2 tibial spurs and 1 tarsal spur. Coxopleuron usually with process (
Fig. 49
). Ultimate legs in most genera and species of “common” shape, rarely “pincer-shaped” or “leaf-shaped” (sensu
Schileyko 2009
). Prefemur of the ultimate legs without spinous processes but generally with varying number (2–20) of strongly chitinized spines, that are usually small (
Figs 44
,
49
,
66
,
70
,
83
) but rarely much enlarged, for example in
Kanparka
(=
Scolopendra
) (
Fig. 56
) or a few forms of
Ethmostigmus
Pocock, 1898
(
Fig. 105
, figs
36, 39 in
Schileyko & Stoev 2016
).
Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395)
also wrote: “Labral bristle field completely covering distal sclerotisation of epipharynx (except
Notiasemus
; [no data on
Tonkinodentus
]); elongate, figure eight shaped groups of two smooth depressions surrounding each sensillum on clypeal part or epipharynx. Tufts of bristles on lateral flaps of hypopharynx form a continuous field with identical bristles medially… Poison calyx extending at least as far as proximal part of forcipular trochantero-prefemur… Spermatophore with a ventral invagination.”
Number of subtaxa.
2 subfamilies, 19 genera (“More than 400 species in 21 genera” sensu
Edgecombe & Bonato 2011: 397
).
Sexual dimorphism.
Present rarely.
Range.
All tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions.
Remarks. Treated as a family in
Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 395)
,
Kronmüller (2012: 19)
,
Edgecombe
et al.
(2012: 770)
,
Vahtera
et al.
(2012a: 4
,
2012b: 235
,
2013: 578
),
Schileyko (2014: 174)
,
Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 252)
, Schileyko (2018: 69),
Schileyko & Solovyeva (2019: 138)
.