Description and ecology of a new species of the cricket genus Endecous (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) in the speleological province of Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis, Southeastern Brazil Author Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio 0000-0002-3439-9991 Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea (www. biologiasubterranea. com. br), Setor de Biodiversidade Subterrânea, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Cx Postal 3037, Campus Universitário, CEP 37200 - 000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. & rodrigodesouzaac @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3439 - 9991 & vitor. junta @ outlook. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8579 - 955 X & drops @ ufla. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3288 - 4405 * Corresponding author rodrigodesouzaac@gmail.com Author Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira 0000-0002-3439-9991 Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea (www. biologiasubterranea. com. br), Setor de Biodiversidade Subterrânea, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Cx Postal 3037, Campus Universitário, CEP 37200 - 000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. & rodrigodesouzaac @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3439 - 9991 & vitor. junta @ outlook. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8579 - 955 X & drops @ ufla. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3288 - 4405 * Corresponding author rodrigodesouzaac@gmail.com Author Reira, Rodrigo Lopes Fer- 0000-0002-3439-9991 Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea (www. biologiasubterranea. com. br), Setor de Biodiversidade Subterrânea, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Cx Postal 3037, Campus Universitário, CEP 37200 - 000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. & rodrigodesouzaac @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3439 - 9991 & vitor. junta @ outlook. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8579 - 955 X & drops @ ufla. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3288 - 4405 * Corresponding author rodrigodesouzaac@gmail.com text Zootaxa 2020 2020-07-31 4821 2 305 332 journal article 8916 10.11646/zootaxa.4821.2.4 9064c43d-2f17-4a48-a288-34419e2b7823 1175-5326 4398593 10E495AC-3D55-4F39-A214-7F84FB38746B Endecous ( Endecous ) painensis n. sp. ( Figures 5–10 , 11–18 , 19 , 20–25 , 26–30 , 31–32 , Table 2 ) Depository. Holotype and 12 Paratypes of E. ( E. ) painensis n. sp. ( 10 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ ), were deposited in the “Coleção de Invertebrados Subterrâneos de Lavras” ( ISLA ), Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Setor de Zoologia Geral , Departamento de Biologia , Universidade Federal de Lavras ( Federal University of Lavras ), Minas Gerais, Brazil . FIGURES 5–10. Endecous ( Endecous ) painensis n. sp. phallic sclerite and copulatory papilla of the paratypes ♂ (ISLA 59126) and ♀ (ISLA 59132). 5—dorsal view (the blue arrow below the endophallic sclerite posterior portion (End.Sc.p) indicates a small region that forms an arc partially sclerotized U-shaped); 6—ventral view (the yellow arrow indicates the endophallic apodema), 7—diagonal view; 8—front view; 9—lateral view (the yellow arrow indicates the endophallic apodema); 10—copulatory papilla. a, dorsal view; b, lateral view; c, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ps.arm, pseudepiphallic arm; Ps.db, pseudepiphallic dorsal branch; Ps.im, pseudepiphallic interior projection; Ps.ib, pseudepiphallic sclerite inner bars; Ps.ms, pseudepiphallic membranous shield; A, pseudepiphallic ventral branch (also known as sclerite A (vide Desutter 1990 )); Ps.P, pseudepiphallic paramere; Ect.Arc, ectophallic arc; Ect.lb, ectophallic lateral bar; Ect.mp, ectophallic median projection; Ect.Ap, ectophallic apodeme; End.Sc.a, endophallic sclerite anterior portion; End. Sc.d, endophallic sclerite duct; End.Sc.p, endophallic sclerite posterior portion FIGURES 11–18. Endecous ( Endecous ) painensis n. sp. holotype morphology (ISLA 59121). 11—12–head in front, lateral and superior view respectively; 13—pronotum, dorsal view; 14—tegmina, dorsal view; 15—right tegmen and pronotum, lateral view; 16—subgenital and supranal plate, phallic sclerite, in lateral view; 17—subgenital plate, ventral view; 18—supranal, dorsal view. Abbreviations: m., mirror; h., harp; b.f., basal field; l.f., lateral field. Material examined : Holotype , ♂ , code ISLA 59121, Brazil , Minas Gerais , municipality of Pains , Brega cave ( 20° 25’ 5.25” S ; 45°46’ 20.67”O ), 20.i.2018 , R . A. Castro-Souza , leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen were detached and maintained in holotype’s tube. Paratypes , 9 ♂♂ ( ISLA 59122; 59123; 59124; 59125; 59126; 59127; 59128; 59129; 59130) and 3 ♀♀ ( ISLA 59131; 59132; 59133), same locality of holotype ., 20.i.2018 , 03.ii.2018 , 14.ix.2018 , R . A. Castro-Souza , leg. Individuals examined, municipality of Pains , Mastodonte cave ( 20° 25’ 34.44”S ; 45°37’53.17”O ), 30.i.2018 , 17.iii.2018 , R . A. Castro-Souza , leg., 2 ♂ ( ISLA 59133; 59134); Pains , Macacos III cave ( 20° 24’ 28.44”S ; 45° 40’ 18.82”O ), 02. iii.2009 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15381); Pains , Loca D’Água de Baixo cave ( 20° 25’ 25.04” S ; 45°41’34.11” O ), 10.ii.2016 , R . A. Castro-Souza , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 59135); Pains , Loca dos Negros cave ( 20° 26’ 7.66”S ; 45° 39’ 34.70”O ), 21.iv.2009 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15349); Pains , Éden cave ( 20°23’5.24”S ; 45°40’1.66”O ), 06.x.2018 , R . A. Castro-Souza , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 62610); Pains , Tabocas III cave ( 20°19’36.30”S ; 45°41’24.97”O ), 03.iii.2017 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 62611); Pains , Cornélio I cave ( 20°18’8.21”S , 45°40’9.76”O ), 28.i.2009 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15364); Pains , Zizinho Beraldo cave ( 20°21’22.69”S ; 45°50’2.71”O ), 21.i.2009 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15380); Pains , São Lourenço cave ( 20°19’34.40”S , 45°41’29.38”O ), 20.iv.2018 , R .A. CastroSouza , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 62612); Pains , Cerâmicas cave ( 20°24’15.46”S , 45°35’51.16”O ), 03.iv.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15346); Pains , Vicente Amargoso cave ( 20°23’17.69”S , 45°37’33.92”O ), 26.vi.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15394); Pains , Tio Rafa II cave ( 20°24’47.44”S , 45°39’52.88”O ), 24.i.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 16082); Pains , Paranoá cave ( 20°21’54.23”S , 45°40’8.46”O ), 27.i.2009 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15411); Pains , Torre cave ( 20°25’25.85”S , 45°36’3.65”O ), 03.ii.2017 , R . A. Castro-Souza , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 62613); Pains , Ponte Velha cave ( 20°20’17.22”S , 45°48’37.59”O ), 04.i.2017 , R . A. Castro-Souza , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 64048); Pains , Capoeirão cave ( 20°20’25.42”S , 45°46’57.13”O ), 22.i.2009 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 16085); Pains , Dimas I cave ( 20°27’58.98”S , 45°39’41.49”O ), 26.i.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15412); Pains , Fisico cave ( 20°24’3.72”S , 45°40’9.64”O ), 01.iv.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15352); Pains , Manada II cave ( 20°22’20.28”S , 45°40’26.40”O ), 26.iii.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15362); municipality of Doresópolis , Milagres cave ( 20°20’36.24”S , 45°51’49.68”O ), 13.i.2009 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15382); Doresópolis , Bar-reado II cave ( 20°20’44.50”S , 45°51’30.03”O ), 20.i.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 16076); Doresópolis, B 082 cave ( 20°18’16.78”S ; 45°54’45.54”O ,) 12.xi.2002 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 64047); Doresópolis , Helinho I cave ( 20°18’34.73”S , 45°50’47.35”O ), 02.vii.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 62614); Doresópolis , Buraco dos Curiós cave ( 20°18’19.44”S , 45°54’21.14”O ), 04.vii.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 62615); Doresópolis , Peixe cave ( 20°17’10.54”S , 45°47’40.18”O ), 29.xii.2017 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 62616); Doresópolis , Ninfeta de Baixo cave ( 20°20’16.19”S , 45°36’53.42”O ), 25.i.2009 , R . A. Zampaulo , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 62617); municipality of Lagoa da Prata , Bicho que Foi cave ( 20° 4’33.19”S , 45°34’44.29”O ), 03.v.2003 , R . L. Ferreira , leg., 1 ♂ ( ISLA 15385); municipality of Campo Belo , 52A cave ( 20°50’35.38”S ; 45°21’53.84”O ), 24.iii.2012 , H. Nadolny , 1 ♂ ( ISLA 16071) . Distribution. This species is distributed in caves in the municipalities of Arcos, Campo Belo, Córrego Fundo, Doresópolis, Lagoa da Prata and Pains, many of them associated with the Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis speleological unit, which comprises the region with the highest density of caves known for South America ( Fig. 1 A and B ). Etimology. Specific epithet “ painensis ” refers to the municipality Pains, type locality of the new species. This name originates in language, which cite the family “ Paim Pamplona ” around the 18th century, where was it usual pronounce the phrase “Let’s go to the farm of Paim ”, region where the name of the municipality originated. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characters: phallic complex slightly more elongated than wide in dorsal or ventral view ( Figs 5 and 6 ); pseudepiphallic dorsal branch underdeveloped, elongated, rounded at apex, with the presence of a small angulation, leaning in greater degree to inwards of the phallic complex ( Figs 5, 7 and 9 , Ps. db); pseudepiphallic paramere well developed, discoidal and concave (in dorsal, diagonal and front view) ( Figs 5–9 , Ps. P); a small region forming an arc partially sclerotized U-shaped ( Fig. 5 , blue arrow) between the bases of the pseudepiphallic parameres (Ps.P) and below the endophallic sclerite posterior portion (End.Sc.p); endophallic sclerite anterior portion well developed and sclerotized, with a groove (in ventral view); a dilated and elongated apodeme is evident after the groove ( Figs 6 and 7 , End.Sc.a, yellow arrow). Description, male holotype ♂ . Body color : head, pronotum and right tegmen brown color in dorsal view ( Figs 12–14 , 31 ), slightly light yellowish brown ventrally, as well as the abdomen ( Fig. 15 ); legs slightly light yellowish brown at base and medium brown in the extremities, cerci pubescent and brown ( Figs 17 and 18 ). Head : slightly pubescent, elongated in front view (4.65 and 3.43 mm , length and width respectively), vertex brownish, with a central band reaching the occiput; gena, clypeus, frons and labrum light yellowish brown, mandibles brown whitish and sclerotized in all its extension; first two maxillary palpomeres of similar proportion, smaller than the third and fourth that have the same proportion, fifth palpomere greater than the fourth, slightly elongated, claviform format, light yellowish brown and curved at apex; first, second and third labial palpomeres crescent in size, slightly pubescent, third claviform; scape, pedicel and antennomeres medium brown and pubescent, the region between the antennas has well developed bristles; compound eyes developed, slightly surrounded by depigmented ommatidium, and with a small depigmented dorsal field where scape fits; ocelli absent ( Figs 11 and 12 ). Thorax : pronotum pubescent, with long bristles around the anterior and posterior extremities, a lighter vertical band crosses the center of the structure, lateral lobes rounded ( Figs 13 and 15 ). Leg I : femur and tibia of similar size; oval auditory tympanum in the ventralproximal region of the tibia ( Fig. 19–I , (t) highlighted in yellow); tibia armed with a pair of ventro-apical spurs of the same-size; first tarsomere serrulated, greater than the second and third tarsomeres ( Fig. 19 –I–II). Leg II : tibia with a pair of internal and external apical spurs, dorsal smaller ( Fig. 16 –III–IV, μ and λ highlighted in yellow). Leg III : femur developed; tibia serrulated of proportional size to the femur, armed with a sequence of three internal subapical spurs ( Fig. 19–V , α, β and γ highlighted in yellow) and four outer side ( Fig. 19 –VI, w, x, y and z highlighted in yellow), distal spur smaller ( Fig. 19 –VI, z); four apical spurs at inner ( Fig. 19–V, d, e, f and g highlighted in yellow) and and three at outer side ( Fig. 19 –VI, a, b and c highlighted in yellow); three tarsomeres present, first serrulated distally and more elongated than the second and third, with a pair of apical spurs, the inner longer ( Fig. 19 –V–VI, θ and δ highlighted in yellow). Right tegmen developed and sclerotized, covering the first three abdominal tergites ( Fig. 15 ); mirror oval with three crosse-vein and fourth cells, first caudal vein has two small discontinuous branches and a small secondary cell; harp with six cross-veins, the last three caudal cells connected to a diagonal vein; lateral field with two large vertical cells and numerous accessory veins, from those are projected numerous irregular vein, some of these may be efurcate; basal field vein 1A, 2A, and 3A not furcate, main route leading up to the meeting of the 1A and 2A presents two small secondary cells ( Figs 11 and 17 ); stridulatory file with 91 teeth. Abdomen : cerci elongated and pubescent, mainly on the basis; supranal plate short, rounded apex, lateral projections short ( Figs 16 and 18 ); subgenital plate short, subtriangular apex ( Fig. 17 ).