<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762560" ID-ZooBank="4437508F-8C7B-4609-BEB4-AC6433E45DB5" checkinTime="1679558503098" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="González, Christian R., Reyes-Valenzuela, Carolina, Rossi, Gustavo C. &amp; Laurito, Magdalena" docDate="2023" docId="03DA87FEFFB7607611C3B332532CF90C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5256.6.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5256 (6)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phalangomyia Dyar &amp; Knab 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="550" masterDocId="FFE3FF86FFB160701154B6245113FFDD" masterDocTitle="Revalidation of Phalangomyia Dyar &amp; Knab as a subgenus of Culex L. (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence" masterLastPageNumber="564" masterPageNumber="544" pageNumber="550" updateTime="1679592871594" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Revalidation of Phalangomyia Dyar &amp; Knab as a subgenus of Culex L. (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>González, Christian R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Reyes-Valenzuela, Carolina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5554-1953</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Entomología, Sub-departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile. creyes @ ispch. cl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5554 - 1953</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">creyes@ispch.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rossi, Gustavo C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-1942-9857</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. (CEPAVE), CCT Conicet, La Plata, UNLP. La Plata, Argentina. gustavo @ cepave. edu. ar, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1942 - 9857</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Laurito, Magdalena</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-6846-5029</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina. &amp; mlaurito @ conicet. gov. ar; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6846 - 5029 &amp; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina. &amp; * Corresponding author. mlaurito @ conicet. gov. ar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number>5256</mods:number>
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<mods:number>6</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.2</mods:url>
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<subSubSection box="[151,864,1302,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" type="nomenclature">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,864,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,864,1302,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName authority="Dyar &amp; Knab, 1914" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Knab" authorityYear="1914" box="[279,709,1302,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Phalangomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[279,455,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">Phalangomyia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar, H. G. &amp; Knab, F." box="[463,709,1302,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" pagination="58 - 62" refId="ref10471" refString="Dyar, H. G. &amp; Knab, F. (1914) New mosquitoes from Peru. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 2 (4), 58 - 62." type="journal article" year="1914">Dyar &amp; Knab, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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, revalidated
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Type-species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Philippi, 1865" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[296,598,1371,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicinus">
<emphasis box="[296,448,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">Culex apicinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Philippi, R. A." box="[454,598,1371,1395]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref12033" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Ko ¨ niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782, 7 pls." type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,932,1371,1456]" box="[151,932,1402,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName authority="Dyar &amp; Knab, 1914" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Knab" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,509,1402,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Phalangomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,299,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">Phalangomyia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar, H. G. &amp; Knab, F." box="[305,509,1402,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" pagination="58 - 62" refId="ref10471" refString="Dyar, H. G. &amp; Knab, F. (1914) New mosquitoes from Peru. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 2 (4), 58 - 62." type="journal article" year="1914">Dyar &amp; Knab, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as genus; 
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar, H. G." box="[619,729,1402,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" pagination="41 - 43" refId="ref10364" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1926) A note on Phalangomyia. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 14, 41 - 43." type="journal article" year="1926">Dyar 1926</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar, H. G." box="[739,792,1402,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" refId="ref10388" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Carnegie Institute Washington Publishing, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">1928</bibRefCitation>
, as subgenus.
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,932,1371,1456]" box="[151,854,1432,1456]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">
The three-letter abbreviation 
<emphasis box="[447,488,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">Pha</emphasis>
. is recommended for this subgenus.
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="550" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,1502,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,1502,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The subgenus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar &amp; Knab" authorityYear="1914" box="[439,602,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Phalangomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[439,602,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">Phalangomyia</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from all subgenera of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1082,1147,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1082,1147,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">Culex</emphasis>
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by the combination of the following characters, which are compared in 
<tableCitation box="[655,740,1539,1565]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Diagnostic morphological characters of Culex (Phalangomyia) apicinus and comparison with species of Culex" pageId="6" pageNumber="550">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Adults: Proboscis longer than forefemur; scutum with narrow pale scales; wing with a patch of pale scales at tip. Male genitalia: Tergum VIII deeply emarginated; apicolateral area of gonocoxite with 8–20 strong setae; gonostylus with 5–8 subapical setae and an apical spiny crest; paraproct with small basolateral arm; usually 7–20 cercal setae. Pupae: Seta 13-III–VI usually present; paddle surface with minute spicules. Larva (fourth-instar): seta 1a,b-S inserted between pecten spines; seta 1e-S inserted out of line; siphon index less than or equal to 3.5.
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