Two new species of Hymenoepimecis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) with notes on their spider hosts and behaviour manipulation Author Sobczak, Jober F. Author Loffredo, Ana Paula S. Author Penteado-Dias, Angélica M. Author Gonzaga, Marcelo O. text Journal of Natural History 2009 2009-10-13 43 43 - 44 2691 2699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930903244010 journal article 10.1080/00222930903244010 1464-5262 5218036 Hymenoepimecis sooretama sp. nov. ( Figure 2 ) Type materials Female holotype from Sooretama ( 19°06′S , 40°02′ W ), State of Espírito Santo , Brazil , 28 August 2007 , M.O. Gonzaga and J.F. Sobczak. coll., in DCBU . Male paratype from the same locality, collectors and date, in DCBU . Additional material examined Male from Parque Estadual Intervales ( 24°16′S , 48°25′W ), Ribeirão Grande , State of São Paulo , Brazil , 19 February 2007 . Diagnosis Hymenoepimecis sooretama sp. nov. shares with Hymenoepimecis atriceps (Cresson, 1865) the hyaline wings. Fore legs yellowish, middle legs yellowish with light brown tarsi, hind legs with coxae, trochanter and trocanthellus yellow, femur and tarsi black, tibia brown in the base, metasoma brown and yellow; it is dull ferruginous in H. atriceps . Hymenoepimecis sooretama has the ovipositor yellow, about half of the Figure 2. (A–F) Hymenoepimecis sooretama sp. nov. (A) Male lateral view; (B) female lateral view; (C) fore- and hind wings; (D) metasoma dorsal view; (E) sternite I lateral view; (F) head. (G–I) Webs of Manogea porracea . (G) Parasitoid invading a web; (H) larva of H. sooretama sp. nov. attached on the abdomen of a host female; (I) cocoon. Scale bars: (A–D) 1 mm; (E) 0.5 mm; (F) 0.1 mm; (G–I) 5 mm. length of the metasoma; H. atriceps has the ovipositor blackish, about one-third of the length of the metasoma. Description Female ( holotype ) ( Figure 2B ). Body length 9.6 mm ; fore wing length 6.9 mm ; hind wing length 4.7 mm ; antenna with 35 segments; lower face elongated 0.7 times as broad as high, smooth and bearing hairs, convex, sculptured, with fine scattered hairs near the basis of scapus and laterally, near the margin of eyes; head in dorsal view with gena long, posterior ocellus separated from eyes by 0.8 times its own maximum diameter; distance from tegula to head about 0.7 times the distance between the tegula and the hind margin of propodeum; scutellum in profile convex; mesopleuron smooth and polished, ventrally with fine and scattered hairs; propodeum smooth and polished with sparse hairs and lateral longitudinal carina present only posteriorly; submetapleural carina absent. Fore wing ( Figure 2C ) cu-a interstitial to base of Rs + M , 2rs-m about 0.2 times as long as abscissa of M between 2 rs-m and 2 m-cu , vein 3 rs-m absent. Hind wing ( Figure 2C ) with abscissa of Cu 1 equidistant between M and 1 A . Hind leg with tibia plus tarsus 0.6 times the length of the fore wing. Tergite I 1.5 times as long as posteriorly broad, presence of lateral carina only anteriorly, with one-third the length of the tergite I; sternite I ( Figure 2E ) with a low rounded prominence posteriorly, tergite II 1.0 mm long, and tergites I–III smooth with scattered hairs sparse over the tergite, tergites IV–VI uniformly covered with hairs. Ovipositor 1.4 times as long as the hind tibia. Head black, mandible except the tips and palpi white, with white spot at the radicula, adjacent to antennae. Antenna dark brown, mesosoma yellow. Fore- and middle legs yellowish; hind legs, with coxae, trochanter and trocanthelus and tibia anteriorly yellow, femur, tibia and tarsum blackish. Wings hyaline, pterostigma brown. Metasoma ( Figure 2D ) with tergite I mostly yellow with a blackish apical margin; tergites II–V mostly brown with yellowish base and VI–VIII black. Sternite I smooth, pale yellow; II–VI white and coreaceous. Ovipositor brownish and ovipositor sheath blackish. Fore- and middle legs yellowish; hindlegs, with coxae, trochanter and trocanthelus and tibia anteriorly yellow, femur, tibia and tarsum blackish. Wings hyaline, pterostigma brown. Cocoon shape and colour as in H. japi , 12 mm long and 4 mm maximum diameter. Male. ( Figure 2A ). Similar to female in structure and colour; however, different in body length: 8.8 mm ; fore wing length: 6.0 mm; antenna with 32 segments; tergites II and III with more hairs than the female. Figure 3. Webs of Manogea porracea . (A) Normal web showing the positions occupied by the female and by the male. (B) Cocoon web showing the positions occupied by the male, the horizontal sheet of the female (arrow close to male), and the cocoon (arrow below). Scale bars: 1 cm. Etymology The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Natural history The cocoons of H. sooretama sp. nov. were attached to the webs of M. porracea in the forest borders of an Atlantic Forest reserve. Manogea porracea builds horizontal dome-shaped webs with small mesh and lacking viscid threads. The parasitoid entered into the three-dimensional structure of the web by walking on the threads ( Figure 2G ) until it reached a position close to the spider’s resting place. Our observation of the attacking behaviour, however, was interrupted at this point and we did not witness host immobilization or egg-laying behaviours. The larva remains attached to the dorsal surface of the spider’s abdomen ( Figure 2H ), feeding on haemolymph. Webs with cocoons ( Figure 2I ) are apparently similar to webs of unparasitized spiders, but the horizontal sheet used by the spider to capture prey was severely destroyed in the two webs containing cocoons that we found. In addition, the cocoons were not attached at the position usually occupied by the female spider ( Figure 3A,B ) but in a lower position, in the hub of a dense tangle.