Four new Neotropical species in the Hirtodrosophila hirticornis species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Author Junges, João Author Robe, Lizandra Jaqueline Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva text Zootaxa 2019 2019-03-15 4567 2 276 292 journal article 28352 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.4 616a39e4-4e38-4b13-a7d1-5ddd4cb7a62d 1175-5326 2594970 AD6E5751-3C5B-4B5F-9B4F-EDD6943B09FF Hirtodrosophila crioula sp. nov. ( Figs. 34–43 , 47 ) Hirtodrosophila morgani aff. ( Valer et al. 2016 ) Hirtodrosophila morgani affinis Sul ( Machado et al. 2017 ) Type material. Holotype . ♂ (MZSP), labeled “ Brasil , RS. Pelotas. Horto Botânico-UFPel, 31°46'02.05''S , 52°26'55.34W , Felipe B. Valer and Monica L. Blauth col., 27.v.2011 / Hirtodrosophila crioula sp. nov. Junges, Robe, Gottschalk ♂ Holótipo”. Paratypes . 4 ♂ labeled “ Brasil , RS. São Luiz Gonzaga. Fragmento Florestal, 28°31' 32.21"S , 54°58'58.41"W , Stela Machado col., 20.v.2012 / Hirtodrosophila crioula sp. nov. Junges, Robe, Gottschalk, ♂ Parátipo” and 1 ♂ labeled “ Brasil , RS. São Luiz Gonzaga. Fragmento Florestal, 28°31'32.21"S , 54°58'58.41"W , Stela Machado col., 20.v.2012 / Hirtodrosophila crioula sp. nov. Junges, Robe, Gottschalk, ♂ Parátipo.” All specimens had their post-abdomen dissected . Type locality. Horto Botânico Irmão Teodoro Luis , municipality of Capão do Leão , state of Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil ( 31°46'02.05''S , 52°26'55.34W ) . Diagnosis. Notum darkish yellow, with a grey aspect ( Fig. 35 ); pleurae yellow bearing a slightly darker strip from below the postpronotum to below wing base ( Fig. 34 ). Abdomen yellow, with diffuse darker bands, although more distinct than in the other species on tergites II–V. Aedeagus with a rounded apex in ventral and dorsal views and flattened in lateral view, with small scales laterally ( Figs. 41–43 ). Description . ♂ . Head ( Figs. 36–37 ). Yellow. Frons and face brownish yellow, fronto-orbital plates with the same color of the frons. Ratio of mid to anterior orbital setae = 0.42 (0.33–0.50 ) , ratio of mid to posterior orbital setae = 0.36 (0.25–0.42), vt index = 1.14 (1.00–1.25), ocellar triangle greyish yellow about 30% (22–37%) of frontal length. Facial carina not prominent with the same color of the frons. Antennae yellow with flagellomeres greyish yellow, aristae with 5 dorsal and one ventral branches, 4–6 internal branches. Palpus greyish yellow with an apical seta and 6 smaller preapical setae. Red eyes with short piles. Genae brownish yellow with a dark diffuse band the eye, first genal setae about 24% (22–38%) of the vibrissae. Cheek index = 0.22 (0.19–0.27), eye index = 1.18 (1.11–1.31). Thorax ( Figs. 34–35 ). Main color yellow, sometimes the notum presents an aspect greyish yellow. Length = 1.15 (1.05–1.27) mm, width = 0.90 (0.82–0.97) mm, 10 irregular rows of acrostichal setae, no prescutellar setae. Dc index = 0.67 (0.53–0.80). Scutellum yellowish. Basal scutellar setae convergent. Scut position index = 1.16 (0.93–1.16). Two prominent katepisternal setae and a row of setulae between them. Anterior katepisternal about 46% (33–54%) of the posterior one. Pleurae yellow with a diffuse horizontal stripe extending from below postpronotum to wing base. Wings ( Fig. 47 ). Dark yellow with veins dark yellow. Length = 2.49 (2.40–2.66) mm. Length to width ratio = 1.09 (0.95–1.16). Indices: C = 2.86 (2.64–3.17); Ac: 3.38(3.14–3.83), 4v = 2.10 (2.04–2.17); 5x = 1.98 (1.76– 2.13); 4c = 0.97 (0.86–1.08); M = 0.68 (0.64–0.75); hb = 1.91 (1.15–2.44); prox. x = 0.47 (0.41–0.56). Abdomen. Main color yellow. Tergites II–V with fainted brown posterior marginal bands not reaching lateral area. Body length could not be measured because all specimens had already been dissected when these measurements were taken. Terminalia ( Figs. 38–43 ). Epandrium microtrichose, with 4 upper and 18 lower setae; 8 of the latter located on ventral lobe ( Fig. 38 ). Ventral lobes not microtrichose, not covering surstyli. Cerci not fused with epandrium. Surstylus not microtrichose, with 6 peg-like prensisetae, about 15 inner and no outer setae. Decasternum narrow ( Fig. 40 ). Hypandrium longer than wide, rectangular-shaped. Gonopod partially fused to the hypandrium, bearing one seta. Paraphysis highly microtrichose and the small setulae, if they are present, were not observed. Aedeagus with rounded apex bearing small scales laterally. Apical portion of aedeagus flattened in lateral view. Aedeagal apodeme fused with and shorter than aedeagus. FIGURES 34–37 . Hirtodrosophila crioula sp. nov. , holotype, ♂. 34. Habitus, lateral view; 35. Thorax, dorsal view; 36. Head, frontal view; 37. Head, latero-frontal view. FIGURES 38–43. Hirtodrosophila crioula sp. nov. , male terminalia, holotype. 38. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, posterior view; 39. Surstyli and decasternum, posterior view; 40. Hypandrium and gonopods, posterior view (the inner setulae were omitted); 41–43. Aedeagus, aedeagal apodeme and paraphyses, ventral, dorsal and right lateral views, respectively. ♀ . Unknown. Note. Hirtodrosophila crioula sp. nov. was previously studied by Machado (2017) regarding sequences of the mitochondrial genome (in this study was coded as H. morgani affinis Sul) and compared with H. gilva , H. mendeli , H. morgani and H. subgilva using the DNA barcoding approach. Hirtodrosophila crioula sp. nov. met all the criteria proposed for distinguishing among the other species, such as the tree-based criterium, the Barcode GAP criterium, and the molecular diagnostic character. Relationship. The terminalia of H. crioula sp. nov. , H. grisea (see Grimaldi, 2018 ), H. morgani (see Vilela and Bächli, 2004) and H. prognatha (see Grimaldi, 2018 ) are quite similar, mainly by the shape and the presence of scales on the surface of the aedeagus, and by the morphology of the epandrium, cerci and surstyli. However, H. crioula sp. nov. differs from H. grisea by the shape of the ventral lobe of the epandrium, by the lower number of inner setulae in the surstylus, by the more elongated hypandrium, by the shape of the gonopods and by the shape of the aedeagus, not recurved dorsally at the apex. When compared to H. morgani and H. prognatha , H. crioula sp. nov. differs by the shape of the ventral lobe of the hypandrium and surstylus, and by the absence of a medial apical reentrance in dorsoventral view in the aedeagus. Etymology. The name “ crioula” is a pampean common-sense word synonymous with autochthonous, meaning born in the region where it inhabits, and it refers to the known distribution of the species in Pampa biome. Geographic distribution. Hirtodrosophila crioula sp. nov. was collected in areas from the Pampa biome, in the municipalities of Pelotas ( 31°46'02.05''S 52°26'55.34W ), Bossoroca ( 28°31' 32.21"S , 54°58'58.41"W ), Santa Maria (29°37’95’’S, 53°36’01’’W ) and Santiago ( 29°12’51”S , 54°51’27”), all in state of Rio Grande do Sul ( Fig. 1 ). Ecological notes. All species here described seem to have an ecological relationship with Auricularia fungi, since in all sampling, the imagoes were flying over their fruiting bodies. For the Amazonian species, H. rondonia sp. nov. , H. nungara sp. nov. and H. jukyry sp. nov. , the use of Auricularia as a breeding site needs to be confirmed. However, H. crioula sp. nov. was the most abundant species emerging from Auricularia spp. in the survey of Valer et al. (2016) , presenting their very close relationship with this fungus. Another striking observation refers to the frequent sympatry and syntopy detected among H. rondonia sp. nov. , H . nungara sp. nov. and H. jukyry sp. nov. in our samples.