<strong> Phylogeny and Revision of <em> Toechorychus </ em> Townes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with descriptions of thirty-five new species </ strong> Author Tedesco, Anazélia M. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Zoologia, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514 - Goiabeiras, Author Aguiar, Alexandre P. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Zoologia, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514 - Goiabeiras, aguiar.2@osu.edu text Zootaxa 2013 2013-03-22 3633 1 1 138 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3633.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3633.1.1 1175-5326 5261931 60F0956C-A1F5-44CA-9D14-8C04343AD01F Toechorychus albimaculatus ( Taschenberg, 1876 ) ( Figs 29 , 68 , 104 , 109 , 154 , 171 ) Mesostenus albimaculatus Taschenberg, 1876: 226 , 455. Description. Holotype ♂ (MLUH; examined). Type locality: Rio de Janeiro . Toechorychus albimaculatus : Townes & Townes 1966: 96 (Synonymic list); Jeanne 1979: 306 (Host); Yu & Horstmann 1997: 290 (Listed); Yu et al . 2005 . (Listed). Redescription. Holotype MALE. Fore wing length 7.03 mm . Head . Mandible 1.47 as long as basal width, moderately pilose; ventral margin projected as crest. Clypeus 1.65 as wide as high, subrectangular, minutely strigulate, apically smooth; apex 1.76 as long as base, truncate; apical margin sharp, medially slightly convex. Supraclypeal area entirely strigulate, also densely punctate, densely pilose, medially with oval prominent area; between antennal foramens with U-shaped carina; radicle punctate. Antenna with 26 flagellomeres; white band starting at flagellomere 7; flagellum slender; subapical flagellomeres slightly flattened. Supra-antennal area with very faint but distinct median longitudinal carina, medially without longitudinal elevation, near antennal sockets not striate; dorsal half medially rugulose. Paraocular area smooth. Vertex rugulose around ocelli, at anterior third with short, longitudinal sulcus, posterior two-thirds smooth; gena and vertex behind ocelli smooth, glabrous; gena in lateral view uniformly wide; occipital carina stout, dorsally faint, uniformly arched, ventrally markedly projected as crest, reaching hypostomal carina far from mandible base; hypostomal carina projected as crest; malar space 0.72 as long as basal width of mandible. Mesosoma . Mesosoma in dorsal view 2.07 as long as wide; in lateral view, mesosoma middle width 0.21 mm . Pronotum centrally smooth, latero-ventrally markedly rugose behind collar, margin near mesopleuron entirely corrugated; pronotal swelling with sparse coarse punctures; collar dorso-laterally carinated, not swollen, anteriorly with coarse punctures; epomia stout, restricted to space between posterior margin of collar and pronotal swelling. Mesoscutum sparsely pilose, lobes dorsally punctulate, laterally markedly corrugated, central lobe with sparse coarse punctures, central lobe without longitudinal sulcus or carina; notaulus moderately impressed, posteriorly abruptly curved, U-shaped. Scutoscutellar groove smooth, polished; scutellum 0.99 as long as wide, scarcely punctate; scutellar carina incomplete, restricted approximately to anterior 0.3; postscutellum 0.26 as long as wide; hind margin of metanotum with two short lateral carinae extending towards transverse furrow at base of propodeum. Subalar ridge somewhat elongate; mesopleuron dorsally medially markedly strigate, ventrally strigate; mesopleural groove corrugated; epicnemial carina stout, dorsally straight; dorsal end of epicnemial carina reaching 0.1 of posterior margin of pronotum, behind epicnemial carina without rounded confused-rugulose area; sternaulus medially shallow, interrupted, reaching base of mid coxa, markedly sinuate, moderately impressed, faint from anterior 0.5 to 0.7, not corrugated; scrobe deeply impressed, forming pit. Mesothoracic venter coarsely punctate; median portion of posterior transverse carina of mesothoracic venter convex, regularly shaped, without projections. Transverse furrow at base of propodeum laterally 1.45 as long as anterior portion of propodeum deep and very wide, very faintly corrugated, almost smooth, medially some carinae stouter; propodeum 1.05 as long as wide medially; anterior margin of propodeum without teeth; anterior portion of propodeum strigate, medially with two posteriorly convergent longitudinal carinae; lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum represented by faint but distinct subcircular carina; posterior portion of propodeum markedly strigate, striation medially arched backwards, medially without distinctly stout longitudinal carina; anterior transverse carina of propodeum complete, stout, straight; posterior transverse carina absent; propodeal spiracle 1.67 as long as wide; pleural carina of propodeum present only posteriorly; lower division of metapleuron strigate, sparsely pilose, juxtacoxal carina absent. Wings . Fore wing: vein 2+3Rs almost straight; ramellus absent; vein 1M+Rs entirely sinuous; vein 1cu-a posteriorly slightly curved, arising far from vein 1M+Rs base, angle with vein M+Cu distinctly obtuse; vein 2Cu 0.38 as long as vein 2cu-a; vein 4Rs 0.95 as long as vein 4M, slightly sinuous, almost straight; cell 1+2Rs 0.89 as high as pterostigma, rectangular; vein 2M distinctly longer than vein 3M; vein 3M indistinct. Hind wing: vein 1Cu 1.24 as long as vein cu-a; vein 2-1A reaching 0.80 of distance to posterior margin. Legs . Tibia with dense short bristles; hind coxa elongate. Metasoma . T1 0.48 as long as hind femur, without basolateral tooth; anteriorly smooth, posteriorly coriarious; spiracle at anterior 0.62, prominent; postpetiole dorsally, at level of spiracles, faintly but distinctly concave; T2–8 minutely coriarious; almost glabrous; T2 1.20 as long as wide at apex; apex of T2 1.79 as wide as base. Dorsal valve of ovipositor with nodus indistinct; apex of lower valve without teeth; notch absent. Color . Head yellowish, mesosoma black and yellow; metasoma mostly ferruginous. Head: bright yellow (238,215,088); small spot at ventral half of malar space, mandible apex, lateral and apex of clypeus, supra-antennal area medially, vertex and occiput black; scape and pedicel dark brown; flagellum basally brownish, blackish towards apex, f7 partially white. Mesosoma : black, generally dorsally dark, ventrally brownish, with yellow marks (234,216,127); pronotum black, except for transverse spot at pronotal swelling, and collar laterally, yellow; longitudinal lanceolate mark at posterior 0.3 of central lobe of mesoscutum, axillary carina, scutellum, postscutellum, tegula, subalar ridge, circular spot at hypoepimeron, large mark extending from subalar ridge to dorsal margin of sternaulus, and lateral mark at mesothoracic venter, yellow; posterior portion of propodeum yellow, with three longitudinal black stripes, central one large, between crests, lateral ones along pleural carina. Legs: mostly orange; fore coxa pale brown, with anterior yellow spot; posterior basal spot at mid coxa, mid femur posteriorly, posterior apical spot at hind femur, brown; hind coxa posteriorly with basal yellow mark; t5 of all legs dark brown. Metasoma: ferruginous (195,092,042); postpetiole anteriorly brownish; anterior 0.1 of T1 dorsally yellow; T3–5 with lateral dark brown spot. Variation . Scutoscutellar groove very faintly corrugated. Mesothoracic venter entirely black. Posterior basal spot at hind coxa very small, or faded. Longitudinal stripes at posterior portion of propodeum posteriorly brownish. The very large transverse furrow at base of propodeum in the type specimen seems to be an individual variation, not usual in the other specimens. Comments . Similar to T . jatainus sp . nov . especially due to the color pattern ( Fig. 27 ), is readily differentiated from it by having pleural carina of propodeum present only posteriorly ( vs . absent in T . jatainus sp . nov . ); juxtacoxal carina absent ( vs . stout, medially interrupted); angle between fore wing veins 1cu-a and M+Cu distinctly obtuse ( vs . about 90°); T1 without basolateral tooth ( vs . with faint basolateral tooth). Also similar to T . ondensis sp . nov . from which it can be distinguished by having clypeus apically and supraclypeal area ventrally, brown ( vs . clypeus and supraclypeal area entirely yellow in T . ondensis sp . nov . , Fig. 64 ); posterior transverse carina of propodeum absent, carina not developed ( Fig. 154 ) ( vs . represented by crests, present laterally as carina); posterior portion of propodeum medially without distinct longitudinal carina ( vs . with distinct and stout carina); postscutellum yellow ( vs . black); T1 orange with apical 0.1 yellow ( Fig. 171 ) ( vs . T1 entirely orange); sternaulus medially yellowish ( Fig. 104 ) ( vs . with brown mark extending from dorsal end of epicnemial carina anteriorly to mesothoracic venter posteriorly); lower division of metapleuron entirely bright yellow ( vs . ventral half of lower division of metapleuron orange to dark brown); hind coxa dorsally with basal yellow spot ( vs . entirely orange). Female . Very similar to male, but differs from it by the longitudinal lanceolate yellow mark at mesoscutum reaching close to anterior margin. Although distinct on some males, the anterior basal spot at the hind coxa is faint on all examined females. Distribution . Venezuela , Suriname , and Brazil . Recorded from 16 localities from Venezuela to southeastern Brazil ( Fig. 201 ). The type locality is Rio de Janeiro ( 22°53’S 43°13’W ); the present study adds records from Caripe , Venezuela , Suriname and 11 localities from Brazil : Ubaitaba, Uruçuca, Coaraci, Buerarema and Firmino Alves ( Bahia ); Chapada dos Veadeiros and Barro Alto ( Goiás ); Parque Estadual do Rio Doce ( Minas Gerais ); Itatiaia ( Rio de Janeiro ); Luís Antônio and Descalvado ( São Paulo ). These records comprise a range of 34º21’ in latitude. Biology . Solitary parasitoids of Polistes canadensis canadensis (L.) ( Jeanne 1979 ). Parasitoid of Mischocyttarus drewseni (Saussure) ( Vespidae , Polistinae ), new record . Material examined . 47 females and 5 males , 6 unknown. Holotype ♂ , BRAZIL : from Rio de Janeiro , WB Zoologie ( MLUH ). Antennae apical half missing, mesoscutum somewhat damaged by pin; otherwise in good shape. Paratypes : VENEZUELA : 1 ♀ from Caripe , Conuco, El Mirador, Malaise trap, 19.V.1973 ( CNCI ). SURINAME : 1 ♀ from Maratakka River, Awara Sabana, 26.II–3.III.1971 , Malaise trap, D.C.Geijskes leg . ( RMNH ). BRAZIL : 1 ♀ from Bahia , Ubaitaba, Fazenda Casa de Pedra, 14°18’S 39°19’47”W , 09.VI.2003 , Malaise trap, L 15, J.Cardoso, J.Maia et al . leg . 1 ♀ , same data, except pt. 04, 13.XII.2003 . 1 ♀ , from Bahia , Uruçuca, Fazenda Bom Jardim, 14°34’S 39°17’W , 23.XI.2002 , Malaise trap, pt. 06, J.Cardoso, J.Maia et al . leg . 1 ♀ from Bahia , Coaraci, Fazenda Restauração, 14°38’29”S 39°33’40”W , 26.XI.2002 , Malaise trap, pt. 04, J.Cardoso, J.Maia et al . leg . 1 ♀ from Bahia , Buerarema, Fazenda Sempre Viva, 14°56’S 39°18’W , 28.X.2002 , Malaise trap, pt. 03, J.Cardoso, J.Maia et al . leg . 1 ♀ , same data, except pt. 01; 1 ♀ , same data, except Fazenda Boa Sorte, 29.XII.2002 , pt. 01. 1 ♀ from Bahia , Firmino Alves, Fazenda Santo Antônio, 14°59’51”S 39°55’56”W , 24.XI.2002 Malaise trap, pt. 05, J.Cardoso, J.Maia et al . leg . 1 ♀ from Bahia , Firmino Alves, Fazenda Bela Vista, 14°59’51”S 39°55’56”W , 17.VIII.2002 , pt. 08, J.Cardoso, J.Maia et al . leg . 1 ♀ from Goiás , Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros, 12–24.IX.2005 , Malaise trap, pt. 27, A.P.Aguiar et al . leg . 1 ♀ from Goiás , Barro Alto, Go–080, vereda, 15º4’38.5”S 48º54’44.3”W , Malaise trap, XI.2009 , M.I.Pimenta & L.L.Bergamini leg . ( UFES ). 1 ♀ from Minas Gerais , Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Trilha da Lagoa Bonita 3, mata secundária baixa, 16.XI.2000 , Malaise trap, J.C.R.Fontenelle et al . leg . 1 ♀ from Minas Gerais , Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Trilha do Vinhático 3, mata secundária alta, 07.XI.2002 , Malaise trap, J.C.R.Fontenelle et al . leg . 1 ♀ from Minas Gerais , Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Trilha do Gambá 1, mata secundária baixa, 18–25.XI.2007 , Malaise trap, J.C.R.Fontenelle et al . leg . 1 ♀ from Minas Gerais , Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Trilha do Gambá 2, Mata secundária baixa, 07.XI.2002 , Malaise trap, J.C.R.Fontenelle et al . leg . 1 ♀ , same data, except 26.X–02.XI.2003 ; 1 ♀ , same data, except 04–11.XI.2007 . 1 ♀ from Minas Gerais , Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Trilha do Gambá 3, mata secundária baixa, 24.X.2002 , Malaise trap, J.C.R.Fontenelle et al . leg . 1 ♀ from Minas Gerais , Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Área da Tereza 2, Mata primária, 14.XI.2002 , Malaise trap, J.C.R.Fontenelle et al . leg . 1 ♀ , same data, except 27.X–02.XI.2004 . 1 ♀ from Minas Gerais , Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Área da Tereza 3, Mata primária, 24–31.X.2002 , Malaise trap, J.C.R.Fontenelle et al . leg . 2 ♀♀ , same data, except 14.XI.2002 ; 1 ♀ , same data except 26.X–2.XI.2003 ; 1 ♀ , same data, except 27.X–02.XI.2004 ( UFES ). 3 ♀♀ , 1 ♂ , 1 [unknown sex] Rio de Janeiro , Mt. Itatiaia, 700 m , 3/533, J.F.Zikán leg .; 4 ♀♀ , 2 ♂ , 3 [unknown sex] same data, except 15/433. 3 ♀♀ , 1 ♂ from Rio de Janeiro , Mt. Itatiaia, E.L.Ban, 26.III.1933 , v: Mischocyttarus drewseni , 700 m , J.F.Zikán leg . 1 [unknown sex], from Rio de Janeiro , Mt. Itatiaia, [illegible], v: Mischocyttarus drewseni , 03.III.1933 . ( NHRS ). 1 ♀ from São Paulo , Luiz Antônio, Estação Ecológica Jataí, Cerradão, Malaise trap 2, 13.V.2009 , N.W.Perioto et al . leg .; 1 ♀ , same data, except Malaise trap 1, 19.VII.2007 ; 1 ♀ , same data, except Malaise trap 1, 30.IX.2009 ; 1 ♀ , same data, except Ichneumonidae 2/3, 24.X.2007 . 1 [unknown sex] from São Paulo , Descalvado, Malaise trap B2, 23.IV.2006 N.W.Perioto et al . leg .; 1 ♀ , same data, except Cerrado, 21.VI.2006 ( IBRP ).